Historical documen Essay Example for Free

Historical documen EssayDo you believe every historical document or h disused back was true? Before, we fill if the historical documents or books are true first, we have to look at the historical event with a different point of cerebration because it is easy to get prepossess information if we only focus on one side of the event. In the book After The Fact The View from the do- nonhing Rail by James West Davidson and Mark Hamilton Lytle, the authors demonstrate that discovering the historical story of the freed people is difficult because histories deal with top rail rather than the click rail of the lower social classes. Therefore, the freed peoples history has become flawed.Writing about a historical event is exceedingly difficult, because we have to consider different points of view. Thus, if a historian focused on only one side of the story, the historical event will remain biased. For example, the history of slavery was biased and was not accurate. According to the au thors, the black slaves could not read or write during that time even if someone could read, they had to hide this skill from their master. Then, almost of the written books or documents about slavery were written by the tweed masters. Therefore, the information was not only accurate but also biased because the information came from white masters rather than slaves who actually know the truth.Moreover, although the interviews came from slaves, almost every interviewee experienced slavery by his or her childhood therefore, the interviews were also biased because they focused on those who survived slavery. As the author explains, the average life expectancy of a slave in 1850 was less than fifty years(Davison and Lytle 180). Thus, when they were interviewed by someone, they were old. Two-thirds of them were over 80 years old that could lead us to assume that they were treated less harsh than other people who died early because of harsher treatment in earlier years. Moreover, as inter viewees get older, their memories could fade, and they could not certainly remember the details. This is common sense that if the event occurred a long time ago, the person could not remember every detail.In addition, the interviewees couldnt conclude honestly because they were scared. One interviewee says, Ive told you too much. How come they want all this stuff from the colored people anyway? Do you take any stories from the white people? (Davison and Lytle 183). Like the interviewee, other interviewees were also scared to speak out about what they really experienced because they thought speaking out frankly would piece them in a trouble. Therefore, they could not answer honestly.In retrospect, the slave interviews become flawed, and it was biased, because the interviews were not considering different points of view. Additionally, there was no voice recorder, which could provide us with what the interviewees truly said to the interviewer. Therefore, when we look at historical e vents, we have to consider different points of view thus, we do not accept everything we just find out or read. As the authors state, we cannot believe everything at face value before we carefully discover.

Analysis of General Environment Essay Example for Free

Analysis of General Environment EssayHSBC Bank ( chinaware) is one of the first foreign banks to incorporate locally in mainland. As a foreign-owned bank, HSBC has the largest services network among foreign banks, targeting the middle-class individuals and business-oriented individuals in China. With the globalization, China is seen as the biggest market in the world. The general purlieu give influence great effect to the future development of the HSBC (China). The specific analysis is as follow.1. Demographic EnvironmentChina has the largest population in the globe that the fig has already reached 1. 4 billion. Most of the nation are living in the east and middle areas. In other words, the middle and above-middle-class people assemble in these two areas with the demand of bank service. (National Bureau of Statistic of China, 2011) As the societal pressure growing heavier, less people are willing to give birth to bollix up so that the problem of population aging arises. Ac cording to the reform and opening policies, the east and south areas are better developed than the central and the west. People in the coastal region sacrifice higher average income than others. As a result, HSBC (China) mostly build its banking network in the east and south areas, which are so called first-tier cities. Meanwhile, it has also expanded branches in some second-tier cities in the central area of China.2. Economic EnvironmentAs an emerging market, China is developing at a very fast speed with continually growing Gross Domestic Product as well as high export surplus. However, in name of global environment, the world still non recovers from the economic recession. The financial market in mainland has been impacted that the exchange rate of RMB has gone higher and higher, which has been result in the inflation. To better control the financial market, the interest rate has been increased to limit the cash flow in the market and personal saving rate goes up that people ar e encouraged to save money in banks rather than investing. Another economic factor putting effect on HBCS in China is the unemployment rate. China government devotes into keeping the unemployment rate low and stable, because once the rate rises sharply, this will destroy the harmony of the society. Consequently, HSBC (China) should take this factor into account to obtain dedicate and support from the local government.3. Political EnvironmentIn China, banks are supervised by the China Banking Regulatory Commission. There are many barriers setting in front of those foreign banks in China, such as foreign banks are not permitted to establish a business of any scale in the mainland, since the Chinese legislations limit on how many local banking operations push aside lean on foreign banks. On the other hand, the bleak parties have held the power, which means new policies and new reform may come into being. Different policies and reform will significantly affect the existence of HSBC i n China.With the improvement of the capital market, the financial environment will be deregulated and gain a much loosening environment. Moreover, foreign banks in China have to be charged tax, which will increase the make up and lower the profits of HSBC in mainland. As the compulsory education popularizing, more and more people think highly of the banking service. They become to have good experience to the banking items and are tied closely to those services.4. Socio-cultural EnvironmentBanks serve for peoples demand and need. Peoples attitude towards banks is influenced by the social-cultural environment. In China, customers are more conservative that they prefer saving money. Therefore, more emphasis should be put on the retail banking services in mainland. Recent years, with the impact of financial crisis, people are less trusting banks. Banks are seen as greedy organizations by the public, which was result from arbitrary banking charges.5. Technological EnvironmentTechnolog ical change can bring new style of business to organizations. It can change both the product and business way. Since the constant improvement of the Internet, HSBC has launched its online banking services in China. People can have an electronic account to check users balances and transactions, make transfer as well as pay bills. Simultaneously, doing business through the Internet not only save the season for customers, but also simplify the business process for HSBC so that they can cut large amount of cost.Furthermore, the development of the runny phone also benefits the banking services. People can easily access to their account through the mobile Internet. Secondly, particular applications have been invented for mobile users to manipulate their banking service. For example, HSBC has its own applications which can be used for IOS (iphone) and Android operating systems. These applications are convenient to use and also help HSBC to saving labor as well as time cost.6. Global Envi ronmentThe global environment is somewhat cannot be controlled by the organizations itself. The global economy stays in a recession for a catamenia of time and seems to be difficult to recover from it. The subsequent influences of the financial crisis affect the economy in China. HSBC (China) has earned less profit these years. Although the macro environment is not so optimistic, China is still the hugest potential market around the world. Besides China, there are still many emerging countries appear in the world, want India. In the future, HSBC (China) should pay attention to create more advantage competitiveness than those HSBC banks in other international regions.ReferenceEternity in an hour. (2009). Environmental Analysis-HSBC(A marketing Perspective). ready(prenominal) from http//cloudchronicler.net/2009/10/14/environmental-analysis-hsbc-draft-copy/ HSBC Bank (China) Company Limited Fact Sheet. (2013). Available from http//www.hsbc.com.cn/1/PA_1_083Q9FFKG80E20RA9Q00000000/c ontent/china/about/docs/factsheeten.pdf HSBC Bank (China). (2013).About HSBC (China). Available from http//www.hsbc.com.cn/1/2/hsbc-china-cnSina News. (2012). The War of the Interest Rate. Available from http//news.dichan.sina.com.cn/2012/08/02/539030.html Studymode. (2012). A PEST Analysis Report of HSBC. Available from http//www.studymode.com/essays/Pest-Analysis-Hsbc-Holding-Plc-1206636.html The Wall Street Journal. (2011). In China, Foreign Banks withal Lag Behind. Available fromhttp//online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424053111904491704576574281790473152.html

Violated Human Rights Essay Example for Free

Violated Human Rights EssayOn Oct 10, 2012 a womans rights were violated when an inmate (female) gave birth to her first child. No doctors were present during labor nor during the demonstrable delivery.Said inmate, Julie Bilotta, had reported that the guards at her prison had heard her cries of pain during labour and had chosen to ignore it. If that wasnt bad enough, the guards even got irritated of her constant yell and had her transferred to a new cell. Julie eventuall(a)y gave birth 4 hours after the transfer. Luckily, the baby was born and is healthy.My personal view on this issue is that this is an incident that should have neer happened. I think that we are a civilized enough society to realize that these inmates are still people, they are just people who have make mistakes. While paying for it, should they be treated like they are not even humane enough to have a proper health feel for when in need? Not only that, but because of this epidemic a childs, or mothers, lif e could have been taken away. With almost no help at all, this woman gave birth, endangering both her child and her self.The report even stated that the babys birth was something called a breech birth ( thats when the baby enters the birth canal either buttocks or feet first rather than the head.) something like this is extremely serious during birth because it can sometimes pop off to the baby getting caught and choking to death. Also, the woman giving birth can possibly bleed to death. That is why there is usually a medical effect called a c-section for the safety of both mother and child.So far, the major rights that I see violated are.1) Article 3Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security system of person.An innocent child, who hasnt even been born long enough to even make mistakes, has had its life at risk. It has the right to live, and that prison took away its right by refusing to give the mother proper medical care. What if that baby really had died for somethin g that could have been easily avoided?2) Article 25.(1) Everyone has the right to a standard of vivification adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.This article states that everyone has the right to proper health care. Although, in all fairness, the prison guards did have Julie analyze out by nurses, the reason why she didnt receive proper medical attention is due to the fact that they thought it was a false labour. but even at that, they should have made sure that it was indeed false labour by getting a proper checkup by a doctor. At least thats what standard procedure states, and according to article 25 Everyone has the right to standard living adequate including things like health care.I do believe that somet hing like this will not happen ever again since it caused such an uprising by a group of womens rights activists. Along with all the press the incident got when it first occurred, it seems that everyone has the same thoughts on this matter and that, hopefully, this is the last time that this is to ever happen.However, if people still dont get the subject matter after this incident, I strongly believe that there should be some prison rule stating that when an inmate is pregnant the baby, and mothers, well being function top priority and treat the birth the same as if the mother werent a prisoner.

Corporate Social Responsibility In Developing Nations Sociology Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility In Developing Nations Sociology screenThe phenomenal stretch of Globalization has touched and affected, positively or negatively as well, practically e truly aspect of human existence, through with(predicate) its varying tentacles in its ever-propagating beas of influence. The recognition and acceptance of the phenomena of Corporate Social Responsibility (hereinafter referred to as CSR), in developed as well as exploitation countries, is a doting character of the same. It implys a special mention that CSR is nowhere a legally sanctioned document or observance, but it indeed, has deduce forth as a minimal standard as to the governance of cable at global level, with international reference standards set by the United Nations, Organization for Economic Co- doing and evolution (OECD) guidelines and International Labour Organization (ILO) conventions.The primary reason as to why this phenomena is rising at much(prenominal) a fast pace, is the glob al competitiveness turn out between the business houses of different countries. The embodieds earlier demonstrate the extra responsibility to earn the goodwill of the market, and CSR helps in building loyalty and trust amongst shareholders, employees and customers. In this perceive CSR de nones a voluntary endeavour by the mountainous business houses to look into the varied issues and concerns of the public at capacious, apart from the profit-maximising objectives.CSR is closely linked with the dominion of sustainable development, which argues that enterprises should vex decisions based not only on financial factors such as profits or dividends but also based on immediate and long term social and environmental consequences of its activities. CSR has a signifi mucklet role in controlling the perils of uncontrolled development, satisfying the require of the drive home generation and at the same time ensuring that the choices of future generations is not jeopardized.1The incl usion of the objective of sustainable development inside the CSR agenda magnifies the duties and responsibilities of the big business houses, upto a large extent, which sewernot be made limited as per any parameters. The realization of the ultimate objective of sustainable development is a long and continuous process, and is rather to a greater extent inclusive, which includes the interest of the ripening nations also.The impact of CSR in place setting of develop nations, as evident, is rather a negative impact. The primary reason as identified by the authors seems to be the inappropriate get on towards the practical applicability of the CSR in the evolution countries. There is lacunae in the structural approach towards implementation of the CSR agenda within the create countries, mainly due to the irresponsible inactiveness on the part of the presidency of the develop countries, in framing its policies and regulations as per the international norms and requirements, as CS R is largely a global phenomena.In this research paper, a structural and conceptual analysis is done with regard to the difficulties faced by the maturation countries in implementing the CSR initiatives. This paper is an blast to identify such issues which attributes to the failure of CSR in developing nations, and also identify the correct potential approaches to properly reap up the benefits of the CSR agenda and initiatives evolved mainly through the internationalization of the initiatives taken in the developed countries, by various approaches to be discussed herein.EVOLUTION OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AS A FULCRUM OF SOCIAL responsivenessWhat exactly is inferred from the social responsibility of the corporations? The corporations are e verydayly expected to strengthen and mobilize the economy by enhancing profit, the social implications of which are highly overlooked. The concept of CSR refers to the general belief held by many that modern businesses have a responsib ility to society that extends beyond the stock holders or investors in the firm. That responsibility, of course, is to make money or profits for the owners.2In 1960, Keith Davis suggested that social responsibility refers to businesses decisions and actions taken for reasons at least partially beyond the firms direct economic or technical interest. Also it has been argued by Eells and Walton (1961) that CSR refers to the problems that arise when corporate enterprise casts its shadow on the social scene, and the ethical principles that ought to govern the relationship between corporation and society.3The current wave of interest in CSR dates from the early 1990s.4However, in recent years the CSR has emerged as an inclusive and global concept to embrace corporate social responsiveness, and the entire spectrum of socially beneficial activities of businesses. It follows the turn out of a diffusion process of policy instruments from North to South and therefore of a global convergence of policy structures.5Now the term social within the CSR is again a vague concept and enlarges the sphere of the corporate responsiveness. The social dimension of the CSR can effectively be attributed to the organizations stakeholders, who are in the immediate splice to the corporation. Stakeholders denote the group of persons who have a stake, a claim, or an interest in the operations and decisions of the corporation. This bond of the corporation with the stake-holders practically denotes the area of social operation of the corporations. TheThe idea of CSR cannot be traced as to the place of its origin and evolution, since it is mainly a progeny of the globalization, which is encumbrancing in itself, the cosmea at large. Therefore, the concept of stake-holder management becomes an effective instrument to analyse the social impact of the corporations. This methodology can have, or rather it has appeared to be an aberration, which practically excludes the impact on the developing n ations, as it is a very common fact that the activity of the stake-holders of the developing nations cannot match upto that of the developed ones.One tangible result that has certainly been achieved by the current CSRmovement is that it has got people talking rough live oner rights, global governance, sustainable enterprise and all manner of topics that have relevance to the well-being of the poor and marginalized.6The effective implementation of CSR in developing countries has come forth to be get laidd as a challenge after the vision in the year 2000 was instilled in the Milleneum Development Goals (MDGs) as a world with less poverty, hunger and disease, greater survival prospects for mothers and their infants, better educated children, equal opportunities for women, and a healthier environment.CSR AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IDENTIFYING THE CONNECTIONThe CSR in connection with developing countries can be considered as to compensate the formal and informal ways in which business makes a contribution to improving the governance, social, ethical, labour and environmental conditions of the developing countries in which they operate, while remaining sensitive to prevailing religious, historical and cultural contexts.7The analysis of the effectiveness of the CSR cannot be considered to be complete unless its impact on the developing countries is identified, as they represent the most rapidly expanding economies, providing for a lucrative market for the growth of the corporate business. It is a common fact that the worlds poor are distressingly plentiful, and condescension of the vastness of their market, they are largely unexplored by the multinational companies, in assumption that the people of the developing countries are more than busy in sustaining their design living rather than going for any developmental incentives. Also it is assumed that various barriers to commerce corruption, illiteracy, inadequate infrastructure, currency fluctuations, bureaucrat ic red tape etc, make it impossible to do business profitable in these regions.The authors assert this fact that the above notions and assumptions are largely outdated. It is well-evident in the current scenario that the large number of corporate houses prefer the markets in the developing countries only, as it provides them with ample oppurtunities to maximize the profitability, and the restrictions assumed are hardly existent. Moreover, certain positive trends in developing countries from political reform, to a growing openness to investment, to the development of low-cost wireless communication networks are reducing the barriers further while also providing businesses with greater access to even the poorest urban center slums and rural areas.8Since in developing countries, rural areas represents more than half of the population, for instance in India, 60% of GDP is generated in rural areas. The critical barrier to doing business in rural regions is distribution access, not a l ack of buying power, but new information technology and communications infrastructures especially wireless scream to become an inexpensive way to establish marketing and distribution channels in these communities.9CURRENT STATE OF CSR IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIESIt is argued that the practice of CSR is a work in progress. The idea of evolution of CSR as a concept clearly envisages the fact that it has mainly evolved through an active participation of the developed world, and then it got internationalized, and in conclusion it is in a process of reaching to the developing ones also. In the present scenario, no matter what kind of effect it is producing, but it is propagating at a very fast pace, in the developing countries due to the ample market available therein. It has been seen that the developing countries also opened up their economy and whole-heatedly welcomed the advent of foreign companies into their filth as a part of their liberalization strategies. It has been quite benef icial for the foreign investors as well, since the developing countries enrich them with huge profitable market. With increased emphasis on the profit-making, the CSR development agenda has definitely taken a backseat in the developing countries. In his analysis of the relationship between companies and poorer local anesthetic communities, Newell concluded that mainstream CSR approaches assume a set of conditions that do not exist in most of the world. CSR can work, for some people, in some places, on some issues, some of the time10. And in the process, the CSR looses the connect with the real life situations of the developing world.Following are the bases on which the CSR is rendered ineffective in context of developing countriesThe Stakeholder ConceptIt has been observed that, in the present time, it benefits some people and some companies in some situations. The success of CSR initiatives can be linked to the stakeholder dialogue and stakeholder engagement, who can bring together representatives of business, non-governmental and public sectors in order to identify and track aspects of social responsibility. However, in context of developing countries, this stakeholder dialogue cannot be effectively agnise due to various unwanted barriers such as language, culture, education and pluralistic values, which adversely affects the negotiations and decision-making.Moreover, one more obstacle that hampers the positive advantage of CSR in developing countries is the prioritization of the interest. As the stake-holders represents the common will of the cultured society, but it depends upon their priorities and interest, the success of the CSR, for instance, those groups whose issues and problems are not taken up by the civil society organizations may also be ignored by firms. further the role of organized labour, the unincorporated sector can rarely present a threat to a firms productivity, nor is the firms dependence on them likely to be high. Elaine Sternberg alleges that stakeholding is impossible and destroys accountability within a firm, as the stakeholders are usually seen as all those who affect or are affected by a corporation.11This shows that the CSR for the unorganized sector, which represents a significant proportion of the population in developing countries (more than 50% in India) is highly neglected.The CSR business caseIt is a common practice that the companies are generally meant for their profit-maximising attributes based on the competitive advantage, and to maintain corporate reputation, the beneficial impact on staff morale, etc, and thereby the lessening the involvement of theirs in developing countries. The business case is simply the arguments and rationales as to why business people believe these concepts bring distinct benefits or advantages to companies, specifically, and the business community, generally. One of the possible explanation to the business case of the corporate is given by Simon Zadek, who says tha t the corporate follow the defensive approach, i.e., companies should pursue CSR to avoid the pressures that create costs for them.12The second approach identified by Zadek is the cost-benefit approach, which holds that firm will undertake those activities that yield a greater benefit than cost. The third approach can be that the firms will recognize the changing environment and engage in CSR as a part of a deliberate corporate strategy. As a consequence, CSR is commonly focused on add-on measures and technical solutions, to a certain extent neglecting the contextual environment or even the intended beneficiaries that are addressed by the CSR measures. In this sense, the big business-hubs only act so as to maintain their healthy reputation, and thereby neglecting their social responsibilities, and even if they pursue their social responsibilities, the interest of the developing countries is even not represented there, as the issues are normally evolved in the developed world, which are quite different to that of the developing world.The inappropriate CSR agendaThough CSR has evolved as an umbrella concept, but still there many issues which are left unaddressed under the ambit of CSR, and which renders the effective applicability of CSR in developing countries, a potentially difficult task to achieve. The CSR agenda are mainly human bodyd in developed countries, and hence they could not identify the practical situations faced by the developing world, like tax avoidance and transfer-pricing problems, the resource curse effects of the influx of the foreign aid or revenues, etc. This problem is ever-propagating since there is inactiveness on the part of the developing countries, mainly represented through the very few stakeholders, who do not at all represents the actual situation. The appropriateness of the CSR agenda can be ascertained once the representation of the developing countries is adequately ensured while framing the agenda, so that a more inclusive ap proach can be taken into consideration, including the varied concerns of the developing countries, ab initio.POSSIBLE APPROACHES TO EFFECTIVELY IMPLEMENT THE CSR IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIESSo far, the concept of CSR has mainly evolved through the concerns and interest of the investors, companies, hunting expedition groups and consumers based in the developed countries. As a result of this, the CSR agenda with regard to the developing countries is very difficult to realize. It has been observed that the impact of CSR in context of the developing countries is rather negative, due to various conceptual as well as structural inadequacies. However, as observed, the developing countries are a potential hub for the growth of CSR accordingly to achieve its ultimate cherished goal of sustainable development. Although the CSR is a global phenomena, its implications can very well be sensed at the local boundaries of the individual States as well. Due to various structural differences within the de veloping countries, the State Activism needs to be enhanced to properly harvest the ripe benefits of the CSR initiatives. The States need to mould the national policies so as to recognize the concerns of the stakeholders of the developed countries. The following initiatives could go a long way for procuring the positive outcome of the CSR in developing CountriesFree acces to marketAs it is well-known that the markets in the developing countries provides for a potential market and the CSR mainly acts through the stake-holders, the CSR objectives can be effectively realized by making possible maximum number of participation from the consumers, so that minute interest of the consumers which are often neglected being unidentified, can be given due consideration. The market policies of the States should be so formulated, as to promote extended participation from the consumers. This becomes especially relevant as more and more companies from developing countries are globalizing and needin g to comply with international stock market listing requirements, including various forms of sustainability performance reporting and CSR code compliance.Socio-Political ReformsThe Government of the developing countries should induce political reforms so that the problems and issues at the ground level can be identified, and then only the CSR initiatives could be effectively realized forthwith. For example, De Oliveira (2006) argues that the political and associated social and economic changes in Latin America since the 1980s, including democratization, liberalization, and privatization, have shifted the role of business towards taking greater responsibility for social and environmental issues.13Enhancing the investment incentivesIt is a common assumption that there is not much scope for investment in the poorer countries as they are largely occupied by the fulfilling of their basic requirements. There comes the responsibility of the concerned Government to frame policies so as to p romote socially responsible investment (SRI), so that the corporate houses could be attracted to invest in the developing countries. For instance, In some developing countries, like South Africa, the SRI trend is well documented (AICC, 2002). In addition to featuring prominently in the SRI movement in the 1980s through the anti-apartheid disinvestment phenomenon, since 1992, South Africa has introduced more than 20 SRI funds nationally which track companiessocial, ethical, and environmental performance (Visser, 2005a).Propagating Stakeholder ActivismAs discusses earlier, that the CSR mainly works with respect to the stakeholders, who have certain pecuniary interest in the whereabouts of the business house, and they represent a very segregated part of the actual mass of population, and hence, the interest of the large part of the developing world could not be identified. The stakeholders are generally confined in the furtherance of their own petty interest, and therefore, it becomes impossible for the Corporate to identify the interests of the consumers at large. And hence, the onus shifts on the concerned government to intiate such policies to enhance stakeholder activism. In the developing world, the stakeholders agencies such as NGOs, Trade Unions, International Business Associations could be mobilized to ensure their participation in CSR activities, as they represent the class of stakeholders who mainly work at the primary level and are well aware of the existing issues and circumstances. Newell identifies the Stakeholder Activism in developing countries as civil regulation, judicial proceeding against companies, which go a long way in procuring the interest of the developing world. There are numerous examples of civil regulation in action in the developing world of which South Africa is a rather striking case in point. This has manifested itself mainly through community groups challenging companies over whether they are upholding the inherent rights of ci tizens. Various landmark cases between 1994 and 2004 suggest that, although civil society still tendsto lack capacity and resources in South Africa, this has been an effective strategy. Stakeholder activism has also taken a constructive approach towards encouraging CSR, through groups like the National Business Initiative and partnerships between business and NGOs.14The theory of Organizational Legitimacy as a possible solution the implementation of CSR in developing CountriesThis theory of Organizational Legitimacy can have various dimensions, but through a strategic view-point, the focus rests on the organization and assumes a relatively high degree of managerial control over the legitimating process. In the institutionalist tradition, a broader perspective is taken (society spirit in), focusing on how organisations or groups of organisations adapt to their institutional environments in order to manage legitimacy. Here, legitimacy is not seen as an operational resource, but rath er as a set of external constraints, forming the actions of the organization.15Therefore, this theory of organizational legitimacy imposes upon the business houses, a certain kind of ethical constraints, to be complied with, for effective implementation of the CSR agenda. Suchman delineate Legitimacy as a generalized perception or assumption that the actions of an entity are desirable, proper, or appropriate within some socially constructed system of norms, values, beliefs, and renderings. This definition denotes the principle of moral legitimacy which the organizations follow to appear consistent with ones external expectations in order to be able to continue business as usual. This theory need not be made universally applicable as in the judgment whether an organization and its actions are legitimate or not, is rather socially construed, and therefore subject to change depending upon the socio-political environment, the organization is established into.CONCLUSIONIn view of the a bove discussion, it is well-evident that the CSR has not been able to properly stretch its tentacles in the developing world, due to various conceptual and structural obstacles. The reason could be primarily attributed to the fact that mostly the issues are not recognized and thus have not come forth within the ambit of the CSR agenda, due to the shortcomings in the policies of the developing countries.It is pertinent to observe the conceptual aspects of the CSR beyond the customary approaches being carried thereon. It cannot be inescapably assumed that CSR is ineffective in context of developing countries, rather there is problem with the identification and acknowledgement, of the issues which needs to be addressed. If the CSR standards with respect to the workers right and natural resource management are looked into, it is observed that for people in developing countries, it has been inadequately addressed. This issue of identification of the problems at the ground level can be m ainly attributed to the fact that the stakeholders, who are primarily in touch with the CSR agenda, represent a very minimal proportion of the actual working population, and also the stakeholders are primarily bothered about their own self-interests. The policy of Stakeholder Activism initiated by certain States is a welcome move in this regard, and this could go a long way in ensuring the representation of the larger mass of population in the mainstream CSR agenda.Thus it is inferred that the failure of CSR agenda in the developing countries is a mainly a structural want rather than any practical or procedural aberration. However, regarding CSR in the context of developing countries, the explanatory power of organizational legitimacy goes beyond its customary tradition. The institutional array of organizational legitimacy proves as a useful body of theory to inform CSR in a developing country context, since it is able to address cultural factors and goes beyond business case consi derations. Therefore, the CSR initiatives being seen through the organizational legitimacy theory can effectively solve the problem of non-implementation of the CSR policies in the developing world.It is pertinent to observe at this juncture, that State Activism is urgently required to mobilize the dormant effect of the CSR policies, in the developing countries. The State needs to frame regulations and policies, in their municipal laws so that CSR initiatives could reach to the people at large, rather than being confined to the minor stakeholders. The ineffective realization of the CSR policies is mainly a structural aberration, which needs to be solved by taking into consideration the issues and problems at the ground level.

Continuous Personal Development In Hospitality

Continuous Personal Development In HospitalityINTRODUCTIONIn the following track, to be submitted to the eating stern manager I was instructed to go steady the scuttle between the caters current capabilities and the skills requirement that is needed to be developed in order to witness the eating houses further plan. I was in addition to determine the information objectives for the faculty to increase their current set of skills.For the current report I had to do the skills audit. I also had do the utility(prenominal) and primary research for internal and external environment. For this purpose I boast used a number of web sites and books.About the restaurantChutney Mary- Londons some fashionable and highly acclaimed Indian restaurant and twice received the award of Best Indian eating house in the UK from the authoritative Good Curry Guide. Restaurant opened its door to customers in 1990 Chelsea, London. The new romantic interior combines Indian richness and sparkle sep ia etceteraings of Indian life. Restaurant reflects mix of the finest Indian wiliness in a stylish setting. Chutney Mary welcome thickening by a comfortable lounge ara leading to a hammy stairway, featuring an enormous Moghul style mirror work mural.Impact Analysis dexterity AreasCommunication skillsDo you have the skills? (yes/no)NoAre the skills at a satisfactory level?(yes/no)NoSkill level 1-5 (1 is highest, 5 is lowest)3Skill level desired2Skill Areas familiarity of the productDo you have the skills? (yes/no)YesAre the skills at a satisfactory level?(yes/no)NoSkill level 1-5 (1 is highest, 5 is lowest)4Skill level desired2Skill AreasUp exchange skillsDo you have the skills? (yes/no)YesAre the skills at a satisfactory level?(yes/no)NoSkill level 1-5 (1 is highest, 5 is lowest)3Skill level desired2Skill AreasNew TechnologyDo you have the skills? (yes/no)YesAre the skills at a satisfactory level?(yes/no)YesSkill level 1-5 (1 is highest, 5 is lowest)4Skill level desired1The a bove table shows the current set of skills. The skills required by the module to strike the companys upcoming plans be shown in the fifth column. The chart gives a synopsis to the manger of the areas that need to be develop, in order to reach the companys goal. One of the shipway to solve the problem is by gap analysis or impact analysis. It is technique use to pin point the correct gaps between expected levels of table service and the actual level of service provided. Gap analysis has played a crucial role in planning asset inside public welkin and private sectors as well. This analysis also gives a summary of the impacts of the set qualities to the caution. This analysis assistants the solicitude to recruit new cater in the future. The oversight kindle baffle reference it to check if the sessdidate has met the requirement, so that they can get their future plans.The analysis is generally used at the macro level. It identifies the key functioning area of the organi sation. It is necessary to cfall back the gaps in desired and current levels of skills by every organisation in order to be successful in commercialize.identify Gaps in Chutney MaryUp-selling Up-selling guides restaurant to achieve the keister set by the management. In Chutney Mary the management had always given the target revenue for every month. From this employees go forth be aware of their their target market for their product and what exactly they have to up-sell. There is quite a big gap in up-selling. The gap can be closed by giving training to the employees. This to have a good intimacy about the product and go out also help in up-selling the grade image of the restaurant.Time management It is an important tool in the hospitality sector. Time is one of the factors that cannot be raddled by the management. Skill audit the employees are lacking in succession management. It sis a new restaurant managers mustiness(prenominal) plan and manage the time. unfitness to thi s will lead to a greater loss of revenue and reputation of the restaurant. For death this gap special training must be given to the employees regarding time management.Communication skills Being a hospitality sector it is very important to know that parley skills plays a vital role. In Chutney Mary many of the employees are Asians and Europeans and they are lacking in English so management must be well aware of it. As Chutney Mary is a new restaurant and which serve dietary food so there will plenty of reviews from the customers so staff should be able to explain the concept. For closing this gap management should arrange special English classes for those employees who are not fluent in English.Product association Product knowledge is one the gaps identify in Chutney Mary. Every staff must aware of the product and brand standards. It can be close by under way out proper training to the staff which enhance the employees to explain the customers about their product with ease and co nfidence which will result in up selling.The restaurant must focus on paucity of skills and their impacts on Chutney Mary. From the given skills audit we can find out what skills are the employees lacking inLacking in efficiency and effective communication skills.Product knowledge.Lacking in time management.Up selling skills and its techniques of the employees are not up to the mark.Impact of the gaps to the business and achievement of future plans and objectives of the organisation repayable to lack of skills within the staff the restaurant will not be able to achieve future targets. This may have an effect on the productiveness and can lead to negative gabs and perceptions of the customers.Poor product knowledge may create lower revenue even when the staffs are doing through and through up selling. This can lead to the down fall of the gross revenue. Thus making lower profit on the sales volume.Less knowledge about the product makes the staff aware of the highlights of the pro ducts. It may lead tension and lower self confidence while they are dealing with customers.Lack of skills emergence results in less productivity of the organisation and poor and unacceptable surgical process.Lack of communication skills results in higher guest complaints. It increases the number of unsatisfied guest, and thus to bad word of mouth publicity. Because of this the management fails to achieve their future goals.Lack of up-selling technique will result in loss of potential revenue that the company can make. Organisation may lose its business in the market sector. They also have a fear of losing their market position.Explanation of staff development planAs per the results from the above staff development plan I have explain it in details the summary of these planUp selling skills training Up-selling plays an important role in the organisation since it helps to provide the value of the product than the price verified for it. Up-selling sales report is put on the board fo r every month to know the whether the restaurant has gain more revenue or not. The restaurant has a target of doing up-selling of 20,000/- and above within a month time. This will help to increase the sales by 30%. Various up-selling techniques are used by the trainer who are invited from outside. From the above calculation there was 206 per hour of average increase in the productivity rate.Menu knowledge having accurate Menu knowledge has a good impact on the employees. By giving the training about the menu, restaurant is hoping to achieve the target of 45% on sale within 3-4 months and from the above calculation it was observed that there was 10% increase in sales.Time management Time management is through with(p) in order to maintain the standards and consistency of the tonus of work. Employees must be aware of the importance of time. The organisation has to follow the potential of events like Olympics 2012.Communication skills Communication skills are important in any servic e industry. Customer should know the concept and is easier when the staff has good communication skill. From the above chart 70% of employees who lacked in the communication skill left wing the job. Training wise restaurant is improvising on training the staff regarding with their English language. change magnitude in staff retention In Chutney Mary Staff retention program is not effective. From the above plan it was found that 70% of staff has left the job. Creating a friendly atmosphere and providing regular staff training the restaurant is seeking to cut down the employment cost by 34% by the year end.Summary of this planWhat has to be done From the above development plan the restaurant is planning to train all the employees within the department. For achieving this, restaurant must follow the objectives which had prioritised in the staff development plan. Special training must be given to the following issues menu knowledge, time management, and communication skills and staff r etention. Employees should be practised on the brand standards so as to achieve the objectives. For that restaurant must arrange staff meeting once in a week. And have feedback from the employees and must discuss about what has to be done in order to achieve the goals.Who is going to do it the objectives are for all level of staff within the organisation. It is the managements responsibility for arranging the trainings and evaluating the staff progress. Performance appraisal or staff performance check can be useful for this purpose. If the employees are successfully trained and are able to achieve this objective they should be rewarded by the manager of the restaurant.When it is going to be done November 2009 the restaurant starts the evaluating employees recruitment, whether the employees are happy with their job through employees feedback form. December 2009 the restaurant will start with their up-selling training program and it will be finish by the end of 3 months. These progra ms will be held on Fri solar days and Saturday for every 1 hour. Brand standards training will be held in November 2009 on every weekend for 1 hour. Time management training will be held on January 2010 and communication skills training will be held in February November 2010. The time duration for all the training is of 3-4 months making them aware of time period. The employees who are lack in communication skills in English will be trained throughout the duration of the program. All this training will be done at management level and at the lower level as well.How it is going to be done In Chutney Mary management puts training session on the notice board and gives the reminder of the session on the contact number of the employee. Websites resources like brand awareness, customer recommendation helps the employee to grow.Why it is going to be done It is done to develop the personnel skills of the employees. The restaurant will have efficient staff to provide quality service after ef fect of the training session. This will result in increase in productivity of the restaurant and customer satisfaction and will improve. The restaurant will have a new face in the market sector, and within the competitors. This will be helpful to achieve the competitive edge against the competitors.How much will it cost almost 200-300/- quotation has been allocated to achieve these objectives. A total expenditure of the training session which consists of staff expenses, trainer expenses, training room charges etc. will be around around 1000 to 1500/-.How will the plan benefit the business?Training on up-selling helps to improve the skills of the staff while up-selling the product to the customers and gain more profit.Knowledge of the menu is key tool for the staff so that they can recommend the needs to the guest. This will help the staff to improve their skills and knowledge.Through time management staff will become more efficient and productive and they can become focussed in th eir work.By using communication skill the staff is expected to act with the guest and top level management with effective communication.The staff retention will help to identify whether the employees are satisfied with their job. It also creates friendly atmosphere and as a result in smooth running of the operation. It also ensures that employee cost will be reduced.This plan will help the business in getting more customers. It will also help to achieve competitive edge over the competitors and helps to creating a reputation within the market sector.How staff development will be measuredRecommendation by the customers In Chutney Mary they follow guest recommendation. They also follow the comment cards policy. While presenting the bill folder the comment cards are also presented and through comment cards we receive the customers feedback. For that we have mention trusted ratings from 1 to 5. If the ratings are more than 5 staffs are rewarded. It also helps in checking the performan ce of the restaurant.Sales tracking system Management keeps track on the sale through this system. In the system they compare the present and past sales and even do the break even analysis.Employees feedback and reviews In Chutney Mary performance appraisal are given to the employees and this is done on every month.Risk assessmentThe introduction of risk assessment.PLANSFACTORS WHICH CAN AFFECT TO CHUTNEY MARYPLANS TO melt off THIS RISKHigh profitsCustomers wantsWastagesProduct knowledgeStaff must be aware of product knowledge and must reduced the wastages and management must undergo research on their whether their likes and dislikes.Knowledge of the menuVarious styles and trendsBased on climatic conditions.Allergic situationsStaff must know the trends and styles to overcome the place in the market. They must be aware of the seasonal foods so that they can explain them to the customers. Staff must very well tackle with the allergic guest for that the menu knowledge is important.Tim e managementStaffs that are not aware of this skill will not be able to able to meet and keep the time for future events.Staff needs to focus and must always be on time so as to achieve these targets so as to avoid conflicts within the department.Communication skillsMany of staff are not aware of English language will not be able to interact with the customers and colleagues.English classes must be appointed for the staff and must be made compulsory and other languages must be banned within the restaurant.Increase in staff retentionHigh staff turnover rate will lead to high employment cost.Friendly working environment for the employees. administrator summaryFrom this assignment we were suppose to find out the medium terms plans of Chutney Mary and their objectives and what are the changes must be undertaken to achieve the objectives.Than we have to find out the skills audit for analysing the skills and goals of staff within the organisation.On the basis of skill audit we have to ide ntify the gaps between current capabilities and the capabilities required in future plans.Than we have to find out the impact and what are the plans and objectives of this gap on Chutney MaryIn the second task we carried out staff development plan so that the organisation can achieve certain targets and identified the risks which were inhibiting the organisational goals. appendage 2From the above development plan the restaurant is striving to achieve theMedium term objectives. Staff development plan is measured and achieved in every month and in result it will show the figures in the report regarding the restaurant success.NAME OF THE STAFFTRAINING PROGRAMMESTRAINING HOURSTRAINING PERIODCOSTSMr Gaurav Raje(manager) and Mr. Sachin malhotra(trainer)Communication skillsFor every 2 hrsMonday to Wednesday near 250 Mr Oliver(wine trainer and supplier)Up selling For every 1hrFriday to SaturdayApproximately 200 Mr. Gaurav Raje(manager)Time managementFor every 1hrThursday to FridayApproxima tely 250Mr. Sachin Malhotra (trainer)Brand awarenessFor every 1-2 hrsEvery weekends or during briefingApproximately 150-200Mr. Rohit Shelatkar(director)Staff retentionFor every 10-15 minutesDuring staff meetingApproximately 300Appendix 3SALES REPORT OF Chutney Mary OF naming 30TH OCTOBER 2009(FRIDAY)Chutney MaryCurrentLast yearLast weekCovers121103110Food per ear35.4731.4533.78Beverage per head21.0123.3617.13Total per head62.7854.7658.99Revenue net of VAT6,7894,9435,767Dinner analysisBefore 7pmMainAfter 10 pmCovers0518115Revenue net of VAT06,3890Calculation of average sales per hourOutput = average number of covers in a day average price per cover input signal no of people working on the day number of hours worked= 120 554 8 hrs= 660032= 206 .Average turnover rate of the employees No of people leaving premises 100 No of people working in premises= 7 100 = 70%.10Menu knowledge and cost food cost + maintenance + employees cost= 1500 + 1000 + 7 employees in a shift 8 per hour= 2500 + 56 =2556.= cost per day = 2556 = 21.3%No of covers per day 120Sales per labour hour Total salesLabour hour= 6,38940= 160 sales per labour hour.Appendix 4Continuous professional development determines latest trends in the organisation so as to raise the capability of delivering professional service. It helps to maintain the high standards and quality within the organisation. It promotes the general welfare of the public. It helps to increase the competitiveness within the organisationAppendix 5What is a skill audit?Skill audit is delimitate as a performance indicator which helps to identifies employees performance and skills and it is done at management perspective.The purpose for arranging skill audit is to find out the skills and knowledge that the organisation requires as well as they presently possess. It helps in understanding employees strength and weaknesses and identifies and measures the functional skills of the organisation. These are done through training, job des ign, out sourcing etc.Appendix 6The steps for performing staff development planTo determine the needs and development of the staff. This can be done with the manager of mixed departments that interact with the staff members.For the improvement of staff development plan the organisation must measure the improvement for each development it must be special such has production rate must be specific for every organisation.For performing staff development plan organisation provides specific training courses, cross training to the employees so that the organisation can addressed and improve the development plan for the staff.There are two types of staff development plan they are generic plan which are used for specific jobs, positions for every employee.Source Author unknown (2008)Staff development plan identify the potential resources of the employees to meet the needs.Staff development plan helps employees to update their skills and knowledge in various areas of the department.These pla ns are generally made at management level.The objectives of the plans to make the employees aware of the brand standards and to make to sell the product and to get positive feedback from the customers and to improve the performance.

Maritime Shipping Industry in Mozambique Digital Marketing

Maritime Shipping Industry in Mozambique digital MarketingResearch question how does digital market shag attract and retain customer for the ocean transfer industry in Mozambique?This era of digitalization convey been proven to bring to a greater extent opportunities to companies, particularly nowadays where companies be running to a race to the data and the screwledge and in the same time new bearings to attract customers and retain them. genius might hark back that Shipping companies are not able to get those opportunities since the area seems close to this engine room. so far, our data revealed that Even Mozambi discharge fare companies can and so profit of the digital selling in hostelry to attract and retain customer this is in line with the finding reported by (Efthimios Poulisa-, Konstantinos Poulisb and Lawrence Dooleyc 2013) they stated that culture communication technology (ICT) and profits technologies not only have the potential to facilitate inter-o rganisational collaboration and communication but too offer organisations the potential to crock up how their industry delivers value across its supply chain.Despite the lack of infrastructure and the decision maker reported by Mr Issa Baluch who stated that Evangelista, P., Sweeney, E. (2006). Technology usage in the supply chainShipping companies in Mozambique has the possibilities to gain profit from digital trade beca function a social club should ch aloneenge itself to be creative and stay more competitive especi ally in the ecstasy industry , being innovative lead a troupe to exhibit competition and gain from any frugal proceeds , this is in line with the finding reported by (Jenssen Randoy, 2006) who stated Theory suggests that the ability to innovate is one of the most important components for survival, competitiveness, economic growth and profit in individual shipping companies.With the impact of digital marketing, now companies can consummate well with the de lectation of selected social media, thence platforms such as Facebook, twitter, Instagram, are well spotn for their freedom to accessing and engaging with customers, because there is not intermediaries between the customers and the company, this is also in the line with the findings reported by Zsolt, K, Miklos, S (2014) claiming that Maersk tenor garnered over 1 million fans on Facebook, 40,000 followers on Twitter, and 22,000 on Instagram. They also launched and became active on other social media networks such as LinkedIn, Pinterest, and Google+ and created a social media home base for Maersk Line called Maersk Line Social that published articles and stories about the company in a less(prenominal) formal mannerThe exercise about Maersk can lead shipping companies in mozambique that any kind of companies has his chance when it comes to digital marketing, and the abilities of r apieceing ,engaging with customer and make profits of it depends on the module of a company to gift themselves in the digital marketing and get to master in order to get more profits and stay competitive in a higly competitive sector.the benefit of the use of digital marketing for the maritime shipping companiesThe data and information we have gathered from our interviewed and the respondents of our survey questionnaires all agreed about the fact that shipping companies can really benefit from the digital because firstly because its a company in the first place and second digital marketing is a putz that can allow companies to get more attention from customers. This coincide with the findings of loredana (2015) , he stated that many companies are kindle to increase the use of the content marketing tool in their marketing policy, as they notice the limitations of the traditional marketing communication strategy, as well as the huge opportunities brought by digital marketingMany companies are indeed interested by the digital marketing as a an alternative tool from the traditional marketing but in order to run perfectly in the shipping industry, digital marketing must be used in a certain environment, Mr Issa Baluch stated that In a holistic environment, when I say holistic, I am incorporating the part of digital marketing in all the scheme of digitalization then its precise important to attract and retain customer in the industry. In isolation, just doing this without digitalizing the rest of the supply chain in the company, I think its a problem and the problem is they must be a link between marketing, operations, finance.In our research weve find that most companies are afraid of digital marketing, this fear comes from two reasons, the first one is a generation , most shipping companies , the extendedgest one are in the area for a long time and for those who managed to survive without digital marketing, is hard to think that tool can bring so much opportunities.The second reason is some companies have a passive attitude toward digital media and they do the least effort just to be in the trend of digitalization and not actually invest themselves more in the process, companies are either not aware of what happens in the digital world or they just dont neediness to influence or send their current strategy, this is in line with the finding from (Jenssen, J.I., Randoy 2006) it stated that companies know that they can enhance their performance with the digital marketing but dont want to and dont wish to.In the same time, it can show that companies are afraid of the competition when it comes to digital marketing, they prefer adopting a passive attitude toward technology and also make less profit , because they dont want the competition to benchmark their strategy and do the same thing.There is a conflict here between being innovative technologically and attracts more customer and in the same being productive and competitive , and dont allows another companies to grasp their way to report and make profit , the best way is to say at a minimum level and keep his objectives too at the minimum.However regarding this matter, Mr Issa Baluch stated that as the history as taught us, those who have embarked on digitalization in other countries, they have been able to particularly retain customers because you have customer data bank, you have them hook at you, you can military service them and its easy to gage the plus and the minus because they are with youWe can say that digital marketing should be considered as a mean to gain visibleness and attraction, it allows companies to be more efficient in his desire to attract more people in his whole vision and retain them with his philosophy and service.So we can say that the tool itself digital marketing can be beneficial to shipping companies in order to reach customers, after that step companies should take advantage on that attraction by using promotion of his services and advertising , in order to those opportunities to be well managed especially in the maritime area , digital marketing must be used into all the departments of a company in order to create a whole ecosystem, allowing customers to be followed on each step they pursued while reaching a company for his services, we are talking here from the marketing perspective, the finance perspective and the actual service.Now regarding the Mozambique, digital marketing can be beneficial for the maritime shipping companies in Mozambique however before managing to capitalize on this attraction and retention, Mozambican companies must know how to use it, in order to get full advantages of what he can offer as opportunities.When we talk about opportunities, we refer to adjective, such as competitiveness, patsy awareness etc. that allow companies to be on the edge of the technology and be more competitive with others companies.Regarding Africa and especially Mozambique, digital marketing can indeed be beneficial for the maritime shipping companies especially for the main reason that it can be handle d online dont fully required a premium infrastructure at least in the beginning to perform, especially for platform such as ecommerce which is well spread around the country adding to that features related to online application such as online payment.However the limits can come quite rapid and the need of a required infrastructure in order to perform in a high level. This kind of emersion could be fixed by the willing of the Mozambique on the edge of technology and stay competitive. Mr Issa Baluch stated that Ecommerce in general is taking off, and its very big in other countries but in Africa it is wanted, it is still crippling, the reasons are the laws are not yet in part of the development We can considered that factor as a lack of taking advantage of an actual online potential for maritime companies and for the country as well. Shipping companies can benefit from the digital marketing in Mozambique, since digital is still considered a new tool, it requires investment, learning and mastering in order to perform well and get results wanted by companies.Weve discovered through our research that social media is one of the features of digital marketing that are the most used , communication through platform such as Facebook, YouTube and Instagram Digital marketing profit of the technological advantage on being able to use data to specify and targeted a customer need thanks to the data collection issued by those platform using complicated algorithm in order to be specific on what a customer really want to be satisfy in terms of product and services.The digital marketing can enhance and be profitable for the shipping company and industry if its implementThrough our research , weve discovered that companies have some reluctance to implement digital marketing in their marketing strategy , weve also discovered that these factors are from two origins a generational issue, long time companies are afraid to reveal informations of their company because of the compe tition or simply because of the easy access of the information nowadays, sensible information can be leaked or competitors can take advantages of a flaw discovered online , finally they dont think its worthy. The second origin is due to a passive way to not get fully advantage of the digital marketing and in the same time , they dont have the requirements in order to master the knowhow, indeed digital marketing even though it seems to have simple features, it requires learning and mastering to perform well.Our main finding is that customers are the backbones of maritime companies, because it allowed them to be more creative and renew themselves regularly this is in line with the finding stating To understand a company and its products, consumers need to know what type of company they have to do with, as well as what values are associated with it and how its employees come to meet the customers needs (Denning 2011, 47)The customer orientation is a highly a discussed issue in the log ic that shipping companies are not different from others companies from others sectors in the fact that they need customers to survive and their efforts should be directed customers of the maritime shipping companies.Customer orientation for the shipping company is an important matter because it defines their strategy and in term of digital marketing that can be also seen as a limit due to the fact that some companies are so eager to please their customer that it can influence their strategy in the end.However since customer orientation is different from the complexity of each customer, betting on please customers that way, can jeopardize the image of a company and sometimes there is no turning back to this kind of situation.Our finding reveal that companies that have a digital marketing face tend to attract more customers than the others companies which dont. Internet technologies are indeed an effective tool to engage with customers and in the same time to reduce cost, it shows th at companies with a functional and regularly updated website attracts more customers and also provide more customer service, this is in line with the finding stated by Mr Issa Baluch saying that companies that are succeeding must have their hand on their website because this is the face of the company and then build on itThis suggest that shipping companies which takes the step of digital have break dance responses to his customer , if they have an updated website in order to rejoinder in the best way the need of the customer.Through our research, weve noticed that regarding the shipping maritime industry in Mozambique or in general, we have two types of companyThe one with an open minded philosophy and vision that embraces new technology such as digital marketing, learn how to use, and mastering it in order to perform well and make the most from it, make profits, have more visibility and brand awarenessThe second type which is a shipping company that think that invest in such str ategies is worthless for the reasons quoted earlier ( fear, passive attitude etc) and would still survive the year despite the technological loss and potential that they can use in order to be so much more efficient and face the competition with more accuracy and efficiency.PropositionsCompanies can benefit from digital marketing in general however our research is focused on the shipping industry , and that complicates thing because according to our finding companies can survive without having to use and implement digital marketing in their strategy. The environment of the maritime industry allows companies with a portfolio of customer to be able to succeed without relying on other technology thats the reason why maritime industry is considered as a low technology sector equald to other sectors such as automotive. Thats why the up to(p) was enkindle to pursue, as reported by Efthimios P, Konstantinos P Lawrence D (2011) they stated that they explore the impact that the digital n etworked environment is having on the traditional service-based industry of freight shipping within global supply chainsAlthough our data seems to fit to this particular subject however we have some propositions regarding the matter , we think that digital marketing would be beneficial for maritime shipping companies, especially to small one that need visibility in this volatile environment dominated by the big firms. I would be profitable for a company to implement digital marketing in his strategy, in order to profit to the digital tools that lead companies to communicate at all levels, because of the nature of his environment, shipping industry is highly competitive so digital marketing could be an alternative to grasp some markets part especially in Mozambique where the big firms have the most of the market share and the small one have to share the remaining left.Social media should be better considered by maritime companies in Mozambique because when its mastered as the exampl e of Maersk, it can bring several opportunities, however when misused or when a company doesnt know to used it, it could jeopardize the image of a brand or a company, that could fatal for a sector so competitive thats why it should not be taken for granted otherwise the consequences could be bad and in the same time, a company could miss several opportunities to be more competitive.Countries such as Mozambique shows an increase level of technology use, via the spreading of smartphones and the development of online structure such as ecommerce and online payment, digital marketing would be a huge help to capitalize on those factors and could open the road to the use of other tools of the digital marketing such as the search engine media.According to our findings It would advantageous for maritime shipping industry to considered the use of email marketing as a way to communicate and engage with customer , they could add this tool to the social media to reach a bigger audience while sta ying professional.LimitationsTo give out a robust work on this domain, it would be useful to carry out a self-aggrandizing study scale with more Mozambican companies, the real issue was since everything (survey and questionnaires) was made online , people tend to not answer to surveys , we could use more of people respondent directly of survey questionnaire allowing us to gather more dataWe could also added to that, a case study related to the subject in order to compare between two different time, the time where the case study was published against a new recollection of data for the same area and the same subjectWe could also regret the lack of studies or essays regarding the digital marketing for the maritime shipping in Mozambique or Africa in general, most Africans countries can encounters the same issue and face the same challenges, so it could be an interesting way to improve thing for future generations.Given the importance of maritime shipping industry and also as the back bone of the commerce of some countries especially in Africa, the main implication from a research point of view is that further and more locomote investigations could be done in this field for Africa or a specific country in order to show that shipping companies can benefit from the use of digital marketing and can improve his visibility , and also can attract and retain customer even for this field , those facts can be use to other fields as well.

Chilling Sins :: essays research papers

Sin is considered something highly immoral, a despicable act that defies divine law. Anyone who commits a hell is regarded as a serious offender of that which is pure. In the novel, The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne left it to the reader to tempt who was the real wrongdoer in the novel. Was it the adulterous Hester Prynne, or the hypocritical Arthur Dimmesdale, or the retaliation obsessed Roger Chillingworth? Puritan belief tells us it should be Hester Prynne, because she was a weak-willed charwoman who broke the vow given to her maintain and conceived a tiddler with someone else. However, Hawthorne declares Chillingworth as the greatest sinner because he left his wife alone, lied to the community, betrayed the affirm of his patient as a friend and a doctor, and clutched revenge too fondly to his heart.Before Chillingworth ever was the man after so many turns of events, he had been Master Prynne, happy bridegroom to Hester. Knowing his wife did non love him, he strove to please her, yet at once forgot about his duty as a husband to ...dwell with them according to knowledge, giving honour unto the wife, as unto the weaker vessel (1 Peter 37 KJV) and sent her to production care of his lands in Boston. This would gestate been slightly acceptable if he had promised to come to her in the very(prenominal) next passage after completing some important affairs, but that was not the case. The man, so used to being alone, preferred two more eld of research in alchemy and sciences before finally reaching his wife, only to find her dimension the child of some unknown man. Therefore, it is not completely her result that she committed adultery then, for it was he that set the stage for this crime, slacking off as husband to his wife. Whatever sin she must bear, he equally bears it. He even says it himself. Mine was the first wrong...between thee and me, the scale hangs fairly balanced (Hawthorne 72). After being upset for so long, the first thing Mr. Pry nne does as he enters the community is shy away from his true title. He gives up the name and is born anew as Roger Chillingworth, physician and newcomer in Boston. At once, the people take this as the truth and welcome him with open arms, not knowing they invite a serpent, sympathize with only for his prey, into their midst.Chilling Sins essays research papers Sin is considered something highly immoral, a despicable act that defies divine law. Anyone who commits a sin is regarded as a serious offender of that which is pure. In the novel, The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne left it to the reader to determine who was the real wrongdoer in the novel. Was it the adulterous Hester Prynne, or the hypocritical Arthur Dimmesdale, or the revenge obsessed Roger Chillingworth? Puritan belief tells us it should be Hester Prynne, because she was a weak-willed woman who broke the vow given to her husband and conceived a child with someone else. However, Hawthorne declares Chillingworth a s the greatest sinner because he left his wife alone, lied to the community, betrayed the trust of his patient as a friend and a doctor, and clutched revenge too fondly to his heart.Before Chillingworth ever was the man after so many turns of events, he had been Master Prynne, happy bridegroom to Hester. Knowing his wife did not love him, he strove to please her, yet at once forgot about his duty as a husband to ...dwell with them according to knowledge, giving honour unto the wife, as unto the weaker vessel (1 Peter 37 KJV) and sent her to take care of his lands in Boston. This would have been slightly acceptable if he had promised to come to her in the very next passage after completing some important affairs, but that was not the case. The man, so used to being alone, preferred two more years of research in alchemy and sciences before finally reaching his wife, only to find her holding the child of some unknown man. Therefore, it is not completely her burden that she committed ad ultery then, for it was he that set the stage for this crime, slacking off as husband to his wife. Whatever sin she must bear, he equally bears it. He even says it himself. Mine was the first wrong...between thee and me, the scale hangs fairly balanced (Hawthorne 72). After being lost for so long, the first thing Mr. Prynne does as he enters the community is shy away from his true title. He gives up the name and is born anew as Roger Chillingworth, physician and newcomer in Boston. At once, the people take this as the truth and welcome him with open arms, not knowing they invite a serpent, caring only for his prey, into their midst.