Importance of Command Essay Example for Free

Importance of Command Essay The chain of command is an important structure in the military. First it allows problem to be handled at the lowest level possible in the command. If a military personnel has a problem he would go to his NCO first before going to their SCNOs or Commander; this way he isn’t stepping on people’s feet and everyone is aware of the situation so they can get it fixed. You also have to think of it in a war situation. If there was no chain of command then everyone would think they are in charge. If an NCO tells a private to go do this, then the private knows to just go do it. If there was no chain of command then the private would probably try and tell the NCO off and then he will probably end up getting shot by the enemy. You work your way through the chain of command by rank and experience. This is why no one is going to question an order coming from someone higher ranking with more experience. As well as if the person believes that their situation needs to be addressed and executes the wrong decision then what more can that person do? Everyone learns through their mistakes and no one is perfect in this world, but with a bad situation comes with bad judgment and lack of decision making. In the civilian world they also use Chain of Command as well for example, most organizations have an established chain of command that is essential for effective management, accountability, and a strong means of operation. Whether its because individuals now have higher expectations or perhaps it is simply out of force of habit, many of us want to go right to the top with our complaints. In terms of fairness and efficiency, this is not appropriate for their athlete programs as it creates the necessity for an established chain of command. As a leader, you must start by educating everyone on the significance of your chain of command. You can do this in a variety of ways to give the person in need of dire help ready for anything. We initially cover the chain of command in boot camp when a recruit needs to use the head or needs to go to medical for any apparent reason. Because of the strong support from our Chain of Command and our efforts to educate and communicate and have high expectations, most new military personnel observe the neglect as if no one cares for them. For this they need to be supportive to them and give them that security that everything is getting handled as fast as they can, as a result this will significantly decrease the number of complaints and any further problems that may occur or rise. In any situation the NCOs will tell the lower rank have you mentioned this to anyone or how long has this problem been going on. In any form of situation regardless if they brought it up or not, the chain of command needs to be properly used in order for the personnel not to get in any trouble. Back to summarizing boot camp; while the recruits were in the depot they aren’t used to being yelled at or being bossed around like if they weren’t anything but as the days went on they grew accustomed to the new procedures that they were doing. Whatever the reason they needed to talk to the Drill Instructor, they went and knocked at the hatch of their doors and said the correct phrase and correct greeting of the day. After being heard they would ask the Drill Instructor if they could use the head or go to medical or go to dental or if they have any financial issues back home or had to go the bank or post office for any reason. It not only starts while you’re in boot camp but as being back home when you were still a civilian. When you need something you were still using your chain of command with your parents, depending which one was more soft or tough on you that’s the person you would go talk to about whatever you needed or wanted. For example, if you needed gas money or a ride to the movies you would ask your parents, could have been your mother you ask because she could be the soft one that would allow you to go or give you money of any kind. As a result not only do we use chain of command in the military but we used it back home and never realized it until you enlist in the military and experience it yourself. Leadership, accountability, efficiency, morale, and a sense of order all depend upon your chain of command. Why it is important to follow proper instruction procedures in the military is for many reasons. As military personnel, it is our responsibility to not only follow instruction/orders, but to execute the command. Not following orders can result into consequences not only for the personnel whom committed not following instructions, but also it can put others at risk too. Like your NCO in charge of you, to your Team Leader, to your Platoon Sergeant, to your 1st Sergeant, to your Company Commander, to your Brigade Commander, and so on. Not only can your NCO in charge of you, your Team Leader, your Platoon Sergeant, your 1st Sergeant, your Company Commander, and your Brigade Commander could all get into trouble for your actions of not following direct instructions/orders. But some may lose rank in the process including the personnel whom didn’t follow the specific instructions/orders giving by a personnel higher rank than those individual personnel. Also when you are down range deployed to Iraq, Afghanistan, North Korea, and other combat places we have our units fighting the war at, not only can a personnel lose rank but in fact not following directions/orders you could get a personnel fighting alongside of you in the war killed in combat but you as well. Try to explain to a spouse, or a mother and father, better yet the personnel kids that the reason why your parent, father or mother isn’t coming home to see you is because you failed to follow proper instructions/ orders giving to you and that is why your parent father or mother isn’t coming home to you. Not only is it important to follow instructions/orders, but you as the military personnel could lose rank. The purpose of the Chain of Command is to install structure, discipline and respect into newer enlisted military personnel. Each branch has its own secretary that assigns forces under their jurisdictions to unify and specific commanders they perform missions and report back to their chain of command. The chain of command starts with the Commander-in-Chief (the U. S. President) and works its way down to the lowest ranking private in the Army, Navy or Marine Corps. Within the military, the chain of command is a method for leading and communicating. In addition to being a chain of command within the officer ranks, one of the main purposes of the chain of command is to be the back bone of the NCO support channel. The discipline and order that the every branch maintains is what makes their branch the strongest in the world. From the moment you raise your hand and join the military you do as you are instructed at any time to complete any mission during the time allotted, once completed whoever at the time has to report back to the Chain of Command. The chain of command is extremely important. The importance of the chain of command is that it provides stability inside the work place for when incidents come about that need to be dealt with it sets up the structure for which you report all good and bad thing accidents, mistakes, tardiness, and anything that can allow the mission of the day to be slowed down. All incidents in essence are intended to be dealt with on the lowest level before it is brought up to highest personnel as well as other reasons such as it helps build leadership, responsibility and common knowledge of how to run a stable work place. Such as the leadership aspect it helps people who are or would not normally be able to take control of situations and control how things are ran they can take control and help whoever it is with the problem When it works well. When it doesnt work right, leadership is ineffective and some personnel end up doing other peoples jobs for them.

Impact of Communication Technology on Politics and Economics

Impact of Communication Technology on Politics and Economics Impact of Communication Technologies on Political and Economic Development Joe Owczarski Introduction Modern-day society is witnessing the continuous creation of innovative mediums concerning communications technology that are not only convenient to use but inexpensive as well. Such digital communication tools include mobile phones, smart phones, and the Internet. It is not a secret that they have been successful in bringing a drastic revolution in the methods of information-sharing and communication. It is not surprising that these innovative technologies have impacted every aspect of peoples’ lives, be it political, religious, educational, professional, social, or economical. Innovations in information and communication technologies (ICTs) have not only increased the availability of innumerable products and services but have also reduced their prices. As a result, the inexpensiveness of and accessibility to ICTs have caused a great reduction in â€Å"the costs associated both with doing business and with organizing social and political movements† (Hart, 2010). The cheap availability of ICTs has also declined the costs of communication and transportation. From an economic point of view, there have been declines in the costs related to coordination and transaction. These declining patterns have consequently made the international trade and capital investment to reach extremely high levels. In addition, the cost reductions have also lessened the significance of geographical distances in international business. As distance has lost its importance in today’s digitalized world, there has been an increase in both political and economic activities due to the trending globalization (Hart, 2010). Impact of Cheap Communication Technologies on Politics and Political Development As far as politics is concerned, the inexpensive communication technologies have made a tremendous impact on both domestic and worldwide political phenomenon. In particular, the Internet and social media has contributed greatly in the development of political context and understanding. The blogs as well as the discussions and arguments that are conducted on the Web have provided people a platform to openly voice their views and beliefs regarding political aspects. Although a lot of people argue that social media and related communication technologies have nothing to contribute to politics; many oppose this point of view. Cheap communication technologies have played a major role in the contemporary era for making political processes more free, autonomous, and independent (Unwin, 2012). It would not be incorrect to state that the ICTs have offered exceptional liberties to the common man who is now able to dramatically impact the political phenomenon through cell phones, the Internet, and the social media sites. Communication technologies have emerged as a powerful tool for the politicians and governments as well. The political leaders and governmental authorities are capable of spreading their messages, agendas, and policies to the general public, directly and cheaply. For instance, mobile text messaging is now used by both political parties and governments to encourage public to vote for them in elections (Unwin, 2012). Likewise, the Internet and the social media is also playing a central role in making people aware about the current incidents that take place worldwide. Detailed stories and images enable people to receive the latest information about political movements and happenings around the world. In this manner, cheap communication technologies have enhanced global awareness. The example of Syria is an important one. This is because social media sites and other communication mediums have made people aware of the continuing conflicts in Syrian regime (Unwin 2012). It is true that the globalization phenomenon has interconnected the states and people. This interconnectedness has also influenced the opinions of people who use communication technologies to share their opinions with others. On a global level, globalization has also undermined the concept of a sovereign state. States are now interdependent due to global policies that have made it impossible for them to shield themselves from external influences. As people are beginning to use cheap communication technologies more progressively, there have been improvements in the overall communication between people belonging to diverse political regimes. These enhancements in ICTs have made it possible for people to share information and knowledge rapidly and easily. Moreover, the cheap communication technologies have also enhanced the fusion of different cultures. In addition, the acquired awareness has made people question the governmental authorities. As a matter of fact, revolutionary innovations in ICTs have undermined the autonomous and monarch status of particular political systems, such as the one in Middle East (Unwin, 2012). It can be concluded that the contemporary ICTs have offered remarkable opportunities to people to modify the rules of the long-established political game. On the other hand, even though cheap ICTs have tremendously changed the international political map, this revolution has not particularly affected the marginalized and poor people. Without a doubt the use of cheap communication technologies has impacted the political development and processes. Nevertheless, it completely depends on the individual’s observation whether he considers it a good or bad change (Healey, 2011). Impact of Cheap Communication Technologies on Economy and Economic Development As mentioned, communication technology in the current era has become extraordinarily cheap, user-friendly, and accessible. Although ICTs are taken for granted by people, communication devices and services have been triumphant in transforming economies as well as the lives of millions of people throughout the world. It is significant to mention that cheap communication technologies are being used by people in the developing countries in greater ways as compared to people belonging to the developed world. The penetration of information and communication technologies has a considerable impact on the economic development. ICTs have opened up new avenues for supporting economy in the recent times. Cheap communication technologies are acknowledged to have a significant impact on economic growth as they are affecting education, health sectors, agricultural output, income, poverty, and living standards. Communication technologies have tremendously facilitated the attainment and taking in of knowledge. They have offered extraordinary opportunities to developing countries for the enhancement of their educational systems, improvement of policy making and implementation, and widening of the assortment of opportunities for both affluent and the poor. It is important to highlight that ICTs have contributed in reducing the sense of isolation tolerated by poorest members of the society. It is not a secret that when poor are provided sufficient opportunities, they also contribute in the economic development of the country by playing their productive part. Thus, cheap communication technologies have opened access to knowledge, education, and employment in ways that could not be imagined in the past times (Reddi, 2011). The issues prevalent in society today mostly revolve around poverty. The economic development of a region principally depends on the standard and acquisition of education. This is because an educated society can efficiently and effectively work for the progression and development of its country. This realization has made almost every country to expand its demand for education at every level for the political, social, and economic development. However, many countries give limited budgets to their education sectors after facing the contrasting demand for better investment in resources that are necessary for human survival (food, shelter, etc.). However, the utilization and employment of communication technologies have offered alternate solutions to provide access and impartiality to students and teachers. ICTs have also suppressed the need for building schools and colleges. Instead, they have provided the concept of e-learning for convenient teaching and learning (Reddi, 2011). Cheap information and communication technologies have provided agriculturalists and farmers with opportunities to increase their yield and productivity, thus leading to economic progression. Mobile technology is considered to be an outstandingly critical tool for the improvement and enhancement of the competence of the agriculture and food sectors. Not only this, it is also regarded as a potential catalyst to help in raising the incomes of innumerable poor farmers found all over the world. This augmented efficiency is exceedingly important as it could lead to food losses in smaller quantity. A decrease in food losses means the growing demand for sufficient and inexpensive supplies of healthy food could be met eventually. When people are provided with self-sufficient resources, economy develops and grows automatically (Kirk, Steele, Delbà © Crow, 2011). The cheap communication technologies, especially mobile services, have enabled businesses, companies and organizations to directly contact and interact with different members in the value chain. This interrelation has also helped in visibility of issues, competence and excellence. The best potential benefits for the smallholder farmers can be spawned by enabling them to take advantage of mobile financial payments and mobile information provision. In India, for instance, the smallholder farmers of remote areas have benefitted from this service greatly as the mentioned services have each brought approximately 40% of the total anticipated raise in agricultural revenues (Kirk, Steele, Delbà © Crow, 2011). As a result, the country’s economy has grown significantly. In short, ICTs have enabled poor families to diminish their everyday expenditures related to physical labor, time, and energy. As a result, communication technologies have caused an exceptional positive impact on the i ncomes and livelihoods of many rural families. Communication technologies have also facilitated the reduction of â€Å"information gaps and restrictions inherent in marketplaces where consumers and producers have little means of comparing commodity prices between distant markets† (Zambrano Seward, 2010). ICTs are presently working as a catalytic tool in the improvement and expansion of development programming. In addition, the advancement in mobile technologies and their accessibility to rural areas have also contributed towards sustainable development. Thus, the technological change has introduced ways that have made the economic growth sustainable. The communication technologies are, in fact, sustainable technologies that are helping people and governments meet â€Å"the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs† (Beder, 2006). Communication technologies have offered equal economic and employment opportunities to people who reside in cosmopolitan and rural areas. ICTs have not only increased productivity but have also made the market work extremely efficient. However, it is important to highlight that the extent of the economic growth outcomes can be different. ICT is a platform that has reached and will reach populations that have low literacy and income levels. Consequently, ICT is emerging as the leading distribution platform that provides public and private services to innumerable people. As there was no or negligible connectivity mediums in rural areas, the underdeveloped areas did not receive the deserved services and facilities. However, the emergence of ICTs has made it possible for underprivileged people to access financial services, market information, health services, and education services. In contrast, it is evident in the present times that the wireless platform has promoted new and innovative social and economic opportunities for the poor populace at all levels. Conclusion In closing, cheap communication technologies have brought significant changes in the traditional ways of socialization, business tasks’ execution, education attainment, and delivery of services. High-speed Internet, in particular, has changed the ways of doing businesses, transformation of public service delivery, and democratization of innovation. There is no doubt in the fact that the businesses that are using cheap communication technologies have demonstrated more production, faster growth, increased investment, and high profits. Similarly, governments and political parties that have employed cheap communication technologies are also receiving better outcomes in the development of democratic political structure. In short, cheap information and communication technologies have revealed a transformative power on a global level. It is important for the governments to realize the importance of ICT potentials and educate the populations about them in order to reduce poverty, increase economic development, and develop a fine political sense. Therefore, steps must be taken to educate people about the significance of employing ICTs in positive ways for the development and progression of today’s global village. Bibliography Beder, S. (2006).Environmental Principles and Policies: An Interdisciplinary Introduction. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Hart, J. (2010). Information Technologies and the Global Political Economy. InThe International Studies Encyclopedia. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell. Healey, J. (2011).Social Impacts of Digital Media. Thirroul, N.S.W.: Spinney Press. Reddi, U. R. V. (2011).Primer 1: An Introduction to ICT for Development. Asian and Pacific Training Centre for Information and Communication Technology for Development (APCICT). Unwin, T. (2012, September 1). Social Media and Democracy: Critical Reflections. Retrieved November 28, 2014, from http://www.cpahq.org/cpahq/cpadocs/Unwin CPA Social media and democracy.pdf Kirk, M., Steele, J. Delbà ©, C. Crow, L. (2011). Connected Agriculture: The Role of Mobile in Driving Efficiency and Sustainability in the Food and Agriculture Value Chain.Vodafone. Retrieved November 29, 2014, from http://www.vodafone.com/content/dam/vodafone/about/sustainability/2011/pdf/connected_agriculture.pdf Zambrano, R., Seward, R. (2010). Mobile Technologies and Empowerment: Enhancing Human Development Through Participation and Innovation. Retrieved November 29, 2014, from http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un-dpadm/unpan048480.pdf

A Seperate Peace, by John Knowles :: essays research papers

A Separate Peace was written by active author John Knowles from his real experiences and personal struggles. Knowles attended Phillips Exeter Academy, an exclusive New Hampshire prep school, for two summer sessions in 1943 and 1944. This book vaguely outlines his experiences at Exeter with himself as the main character but under the name of Gene Forrester. Knowles' novel tells the somber story of a young man's struggle to escape from himself and his world; to achieve a special and separate peace. The primary setting of A Separate Peace is at the Devon School. The exact location of this school is not known in terms of a state, but it is identified as being in the South, sitting between a freshwater and a saltwater stream. The bulk of the story takes place in the years of 1942 through 1944 at the same time as World War II, but the beginning and end of the book consist of Gene looking back on his years at the Devon School 15 years after he had attended it. A Separate Peace considers two conflicts: man against man and man against himself. Early in the story Gene believes that his problems lie within his best friend Phineas (Finny), but later he realizes that his conflict is internal. Misplaced jealousy, fear, love and hate fight for control of Gene's actions. When the dark side of him wins for a brief moment and he pushes Finny out of a tree it ends his man against man conflict and makes Gene realize that Finny's intention has never been to sabotage him. He had only wanted to have a close and meaningful relationship with his best friend, but their relationship was forever scarred by Gene's betrayal. Gene also learns that people destruct themselves all of the time for no reason, believing that others are enemies when they actually are not.. This can be observed in the last lines of the book when Gene states, "All of them, all except Phineas, constructed at infinite cost to themselves these Maginot Lines against this enemy they thoug ht they saw across the frontier, this enemy who never attacked that way -if he ever attacked at all; if he was indeed the enemy." The climax of the story occurs when Gene and Finny finally have a two-sited discussion about the incident at the tree. This tear-filled conversation makes each boy realize how much they actually care for each other.

What is Geothermal Energy? An Overview Essay -- Alternative Energy Pow

What is Geothermal Energy? An Overview The term geothermal comes from the Greek geo meaning earth and therine meaning heat thus geothermal energy is energy derived from the natural heat of the earth. The heat that flows from the Earth's hot interior due to crustal plate movements, zones of high heat flow, may be located close to the surface where convective circulation plays a signifcant role in bringing the heat close to the surface (World Bank Group, 2004). earth coreThe Earth's crust, on which we live and depend, is in large part the product of millions of once-active volcanoes and tremendous volumes of magma that did not erupt but instead cooled below the surface. Such persistent and widespread volcanism has resulted in many valuable natural resources throughout the world. ... Groundwater heated by large, still-hot magma bodies can be tapped for geothermal energy. -- Excerpt from: Brantley, 1994, Volcanoes of the United States, USGS General Interest Publication Deep circulation of groundwater along fracture zones will bring heat to shallower levels, collecting the heat flow from a broad area and concentrating it into shallow reservoirs or discharging as hot springs. These reservoirs may contain hot water and/or stream. By drilling into these reservoirs, the hot water and/or steam is piped to the surface where it is used for direct use applications, or the high pressure steam is separated to drive turbines for power generation. The low energy waste water form such power generaiton is then usually re-injected back into the reservoir, or further utilised for direct heat applications. This technology enables it to be utilised to generate electricity and provide domestic and industrial heat. Geothermal energy has proven... ...ermal Energy.† 07 April 2003. http://geothermal.marin.org/GEOpresentation/sld108.html Green Jobs, "Introduction to Geothermal Energy." 18 August, 2002. http://www.greenjobs.com/Public/info/industry_background.aspx?id=11 Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. â€Å"Geothermal Energy Research.† 11 September 2004. http://geothermal.id.doe.gov/ n Kilpenin, Malia. â€Å"Renewable Energy.† 20 May 1997. http://community.hei.com/altenergy/geo.ad.html n U.S. Geological Survey. â€Å"The Plus Side of Volcanoes – Geothermal Energy.† 16 December 2004. http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/LivingWith/PlusSide/geothermal.html n World Bank Group. â€Å"Geothermal Energy.† 18 August 2004. http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/energy/geothermal/ n World Flowers. â€Å"Technical: The Harnessing of Geothermal Energy.† 27 February 2005. http://www.world-flowers.co.uk/09technical/geothermal.html What is Geothermal Energy? An Overview Essay -- Alternative Energy Pow What is Geothermal Energy? An Overview The term geothermal comes from the Greek geo meaning earth and therine meaning heat thus geothermal energy is energy derived from the natural heat of the earth. The heat that flows from the Earth's hot interior due to crustal plate movements, zones of high heat flow, may be located close to the surface where convective circulation plays a signifcant role in bringing the heat close to the surface (World Bank Group, 2004). earth coreThe Earth's crust, on which we live and depend, is in large part the product of millions of once-active volcanoes and tremendous volumes of magma that did not erupt but instead cooled below the surface. Such persistent and widespread volcanism has resulted in many valuable natural resources throughout the world. ... Groundwater heated by large, still-hot magma bodies can be tapped for geothermal energy. -- Excerpt from: Brantley, 1994, Volcanoes of the United States, USGS General Interest Publication Deep circulation of groundwater along fracture zones will bring heat to shallower levels, collecting the heat flow from a broad area and concentrating it into shallow reservoirs or discharging as hot springs. These reservoirs may contain hot water and/or stream. By drilling into these reservoirs, the hot water and/or steam is piped to the surface where it is used for direct use applications, or the high pressure steam is separated to drive turbines for power generation. The low energy waste water form such power generaiton is then usually re-injected back into the reservoir, or further utilised for direct heat applications. This technology enables it to be utilised to generate electricity and provide domestic and industrial heat. Geothermal energy has proven... ...ermal Energy.† 07 April 2003. http://geothermal.marin.org/GEOpresentation/sld108.html Green Jobs, "Introduction to Geothermal Energy." 18 August, 2002. http://www.greenjobs.com/Public/info/industry_background.aspx?id=11 Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. â€Å"Geothermal Energy Research.† 11 September 2004. http://geothermal.id.doe.gov/ n Kilpenin, Malia. â€Å"Renewable Energy.† 20 May 1997. http://community.hei.com/altenergy/geo.ad.html n U.S. Geological Survey. â€Å"The Plus Side of Volcanoes – Geothermal Energy.† 16 December 2004. http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/LivingWith/PlusSide/geothermal.html n World Bank Group. â€Å"Geothermal Energy.† 18 August 2004. http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/energy/geothermal/ n World Flowers. â€Å"Technical: The Harnessing of Geothermal Energy.† 27 February 2005. http://www.world-flowers.co.uk/09technical/geothermal.html

African American History: Heritage, not Hate :: American America History

African American History: "Heritage, not Hate" When exploring African-American history, the most important things to focus on are that because of the times, black people were enslaved and treated poorly. They endured it all and worked hard to rise above the boundaries of slavery and prejudice. However, the most portentous aspect of African-American history is that it's heritage; it's history; and it's over. Jane Minor was born as Gensey Snow around the late 1700's or early 1800's. She was born into slavery and freed around 1825 when she changed her name. During her slavery, she faced the hardships of being a black female slave in the 1800's. Despite that, she earned a living after her emancipation by caring for the sick. With what money she had, she bought the freedoms of other women and children. She was an admirable woman. Sally Hemmings was born in 1773 as a slave of Thomas Jefferson. However, historians found that she was much more than that. Later, it was discovered that she bore one of Jefferson's children. This perhaps could have been the reason she was given special treatment and was allowed to go to Paris with Mary Jefferson. Although, it has not been proven so. Sally's accomplishments included learning French and playing the harpsichord. Her freedom came in 1826 when Jefferson died. Nat Turner was born on October 2, 1800 in Southampton County, VA to enslaved parents. He ran away from his master at 21 years old for religious reasons. Then, he traveled as a minister and spoke to slaves. On August 22, 1831, he killed his owners. He and a band of other slaves went on killing whites, and he was captured in 1831. There, he was hung and skinned. As anyone can see, the preceding people faced suffering at the hands of others. Slavery was wrong. Yet, each person persevered and won his or her own battles one way or another. It took years and a lot of work. Being a part of history, it should be respected as just so.

Soil Sample

Discussion: D10 = 0. 078mm D30 = 0. 125mm D60 = 0. 55mm Cc = (D30)2 / [D10 x D60] = 0. 1252 / [0. 55 x 0. 078] = 0. 36422 < 1 Cu = D60 / D10 = 0. 55 / 0. 078 =7. 0513 > 6 If a soil is well-graded, it should satisfy 1 < Cc < 3 Cu > 4 (for gravels) Cu > 6 (for sand) Note that, from our result, Cc is much smaller than one. So by the constraints 1 < Cc < 3, we can conclude that the testing soil is not well-graded, but poorly graded. And the Cu obtained is 7. 0513 > 6, which implies that the sample should be sand but not gravels. Furthermore, we may classify the sample following the table below accurately:As we see our sample contains 17. 16% of gravel which satisfy the constraints of gravelly sand. So we may further conclude that the sample is poorly-graded gravelly sand. (3) For the engineering application of results, we may see that as sieve analysis test (dry sieve) results in gradation of sample in well-graded or poorly graded on the basis of their particle sizes and its size distribution, so the result can be an indicator of other engineering properties such as compressibility, shear strength, and hydraulic conductivity which is important in construction engineering and geotechnical engineering.In an engineering design, the gradation of soil often controls the design and ground water drainage of the site. For example a poorly graded soil will have better drainage than a well graded soil because there are more void spaces in a poorly graded soil. And other example is a well graded soil is able to be compacted more than a poorly graded soil. Most types of projects may have gradation requirements that must be met before the soil to be used is accepted.Conclusion: From the above result, the sample is classified as poorly-graded gravelly sand. The result is useful for the type of use of the site in further development. These poorly graded stone is good for drainage but not as a kind of foundation support. The importance of the gradation o f soil is understood so that soil can be based in different use and will not induce unwanted accident in construction engineering or geotechnical engineering.

Critical Thinking â€Factors that Influence Adult Learning Essay

Being able to read and understand research studies requires quantitative reasoning. The purpose of this assignment is to help you get accustomed to identifying the various parts of a research study. Be sure to review the module homepage and background information before you begin any of the assignments in this course. In general, the best way to approach the assignment is to read the article through rather rapidly in order to get an impression of its general content; then read it more slowly and make appropriate notes so you can complete the assignment as directed below. Organize your paper using these headings, in this order. Your paper should look like the following list/outline, with these same subheadings listed in the same order. Just provide the information for each section. I already know that the authors of the article can identify their purpose, hypothesis, etc. so you will not earn credit for copying the information from the article. Show me what you understand after reading the article. Explain each section very briefly so I can see what you learned from reading the article. Your summary of each section must be written in your own words. Do not copy or simply paraphrase. Reference: This should be so accurate that the reader can go directly from your abstract to the original article. Give a complete APA style reference. (Hint: the reference above is in APA style, so your reference should like that) Purpose of the study: Sometimes the purpose is stated as an aim, an objective, or a goal. At other times, it is incorporated in a statement of a problem, leaving the reader to infer the purpose has a stated problem, a purpose, or both. If the purpose is inferred, you may state it in your own words. Participants: The term â€Å"participant† refers to the sample studied. Under this heading, you should include a description of ages, sexes, socio-economic status, school grade, mental level, number, and/or any other demographic characteristics given in the article to describe the particular sample used in the study. Type of Study: Was it a quantitative or a qualitative study? Or were both types of data used? Please explain why you think so. Hypothesis: What is the hypothesis of the study? If the hypothesis is inferred, you may state it in your own words. Procedure: Sometimes the procedure is referred to as the â€Å"method† and includes a description of control techniques, measuring devices, materials used and ways of proceeding, in attempting to achieve the purpose or purposes of the study. Statistical Tests: Identify the statistical tests used in the article; examples might be chi square (x2), t-test, f-test, Mann-Whitney, etc. Results or Findings: What actual data was reported by the author of the study? Explain the results — don’t just copy them. Conclusions: What does the author of the research article believe the results or findings mean? Critique: In each of the previous sections, you have been reporting what the article said. Now, I want you to think critically about what you’ve learned, and give me your own thoughts. Briefly describe your reaction to the article. For example, was it well-organized? Easy or difficult to understand (please explain why)? Did it present diverse perspectives about the topic? Don’t limit yourself to just these questions — be reflective about what you read. Critical Thinking –Factors that Influence Adult Learning Reference: Vonderwell, S. , & Zachariah, S. (2005). Factors that influence participation in online learning. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 38(2), 213-230. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/274761283? accountid=28844. Park, J. , & Choi, H. J. (2009). Factors influencing adult learners’ decision to drop out or persist in online learning. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 12(4), 207-n/a. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/1287038599? ccountid=28844 Purpose of the study: Vonderwell and Zachariah conducted a study to look at the factors that influenced learner participation. They looked into several sections at the Midwestern University. They found that for online comprehension must have common goals as all the members are dependent on each other for success creating a learning community and not just an individual (Vonderwell, S. , & Zachariah, S. 2005). P articipants: This study encompassed 147 learners that discontinued in one to three online courses between the fall of 2005 through the summer of 2007. This study was conducted with males and females from the ages of 20 to over 40. Type of Study: This was a quantitative and a qualitative study. This study was a quantitative study as it showed the number of learners that drop out due to varies variables: scheduling conflicts, family and personnel issues, financial problems, managerial support. This study is also expressed as a quantitative as its goal is to show the dropout rate and change the behavior from a broader perspective and a more personable way as to check on the students and see their status. Hypothesis: I believe from this study that adult online learners are more likely to drop out when they do not receive support from their internal and external structures and sources that lead guide and motivate their lives independently along with enrolling in course that are able to effect and are relevant to their lives. Procedure: The method of this study was conducted was population and sample Statistical Tests: This study used the longitudinal process of dropout distance education test, the estimated marginal means of relevance, estimated marginal means of satisfaction. Results or Findings: This study showed that there are many factors that affect online learners such as external factors (family), internal (to themselves) and the difference in what the learners desires in an online course and resolving to remain motivated in the course if it is relevant to their life in some way. Critique: As I am not best person with reading comprehension and am a bottle line up front (BLUF) this article was a dry read to me and rather difficult to pick out all the test that were conducted. Although, the overall result were very plainly stated that online learner has outside influences that guide them in the completion of a course and their motivation to remain. I thought it was interesting that the study addressed administrators and instructors roles strictly to support the student on all levels where possible. Conclusions: This study concluded that online learns are more likely to drop out when they don’t receive support (weather internal, external, and personal). Also, it showed that online student are less likely to drop out when they are motivated by the course and are content with and the practicality to their own lives.