A Brief History of Japanese Religion Essay examples -- Japan Religious

A Brief History of japanese ReligionThe Buddha is said to have been born in India around 500 BCE. During his life time, he preached the benefits of the Middle Path, the road between the 2 extremes of a decadent life style and severe austerities. Soon aft(prenominal) the death of the founder, Buddhist missionaries began to travel through out Asia, finding their way along the Silk Roads to China, source arriving around 100 CE. The climate there was genial to the teaching of the Buddha, and soon Buddhism was counted along with Taoism and Confucianism as one of the major worships of the period. The Chinese interpreted the Buddhist texts in a cutting light, and Chinese Buddhism began to take on its own distinctive character. Around 600 CE, Chinese Buddhist missionaries made their way through Korea to Japan. Thus, around one millennium after the founding of Buddhism, the Japanese were first exposed to its teachings and philosophies. The Japanese, who were eagerly assimilating the hig h culture of the Tang dynasty into their own, adopted the Buddhist schools that had grown in both power and prestige in China. However, coexist with this new foreign religion was the native Japanese religion of Shinto (The Way of the Kami). Both religions influenced the thoughts and actions of the Japanese people, and both remain active in Japan to this day, coexisting peacefully.SHINTOIn their world myriad spirits shone like fireflies and every tree and bush could speak.At first, it is difficult for a Westerner to comprehend the religion known as Shinto. Shinto has no founding father, no all powerful deity, no holy scriptures, no moral code, no single form or goal. In its beginnings there was not a unified priesthood or community, but in... ...With the dawn of the Modern Period there came a new governing of rulers. These rulers attacked Buddhism and pushed Shinto as the true religion of the Japanese people. It became illegal for Buddhists to teach that the kami were manifestati on of the buddhas (they were to be seen as far superior to the buddhas), and Buddhism in general was blessed for the problems that faced Japan. Many temples were destroyed. Shinto (often called State Shinto) was declared non-religious, but rather the duty of every loyal Japanese person. This nationalistic movement helped push Japan into WWII, and defeat by the Allies was crushing. State Shinto was outlawed, and the related shrines were made independent. Yet, to this day, both Buddhism and Shinto play an active role in the lives of the Japanese people. The two have come into equilibrium, serving the Japanese peoples needs together.

Shakespeares Macbeth - Responsible for His Own Destruction :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Macbeth Responsible for His Own Destruction Shakespeares play, Macbeth, is the tragic tale of the character Macbeth, a virtuous man, corrupted by power and greed. This tragedy could be explained two very different ways. One explanation is that the tragic hero, Macbeth, is led d possess an unavoidable road of doom by fate. A second explanation is that there is no outside force working against Macbeth, which therefore makes him responsible for his own actions and inevitable downfall. The text of the play seems to imply that Macbeth is indeed responsible for his own actions, actions provoked by an unwillingness to listen to his own conscience, the three witches, and his own ambition. First, Macbeth ignores the voice of his own psyche. He knows what he is doing is wrong even before he murders Duncan, but he allows Lady Macbeth and greed to cloud his judgment. In referring to the idea of the murder of Duncan, Macbeth archetypical states, We will proceed no further in this business (I.vii.32). Yet, after speaking with Lady Macbeth he recants and proclaims, I am settled, and bend up/ each(prenominal) corporal agent to this terrible feat(I.vii.79-80). There is nothing supernatural to be found in a man being swayed by the fair sex he loves, as a matter of fact this action could be perceived as quite the opposite. Second, the witches have to be dispelled as a pedigree of Macbeths misfortune before the latter theory can be considered. It is admittedly strange that the weird sisters first address Macbeth with, All hail, Macbeth Hail to thee Thane of Cawdor(I.iii.49), a name that not even Macbeth is aware he has been awarded. Even stranger is the third witch calling to Macbeth, All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter(I.iii.50) However as stated by Bradley, No connection of these announcements with any actions of his was even hinted by the witches(232). Some are still not convinced, however, of the witches less than supernatural role nevertheless, Macb eth appears passim the play to be completely aware of his actions, as opposed to being controlled by some mystic force. The effect of the witches on the action of the play is stovepipe summarized by these words while the influences of the Witches prophecies on Macbeth are very great, it is quite clearly shown to be an influence and nothing more (Bradley 232).

Comparing the Characters of The Stranger (The Outsider) and The Trial :: comparison compare contrast essays

Characters ofCamus The Stranger (The foreigner) andKafkas The Trial The characters of the chaplain, in Albert Camus The Outsider, and the non-Christian priest, in Franz Kafkas The Trial, ar quite similar, and are pivotal to the development of the fable. These characters serve essentially to bring the question of God and religion to probe the existential philosopher aspects of it, in novels completely impeccant of religious context. The main idea visible about these two characters is that they are both the last ones seen by the protagonists, Mearsault and K., both non-believers in the word of the lord. Whereas the chaplain in The Outsider tries to make Mearsault believe in the existence of god, the priest tries to warn and explain to K. what will happen to him. The reason the chaplain is the last one to see Mearsault is becasue its his theorize to let the prisioners have a final shot at redemption before they are executed. The reason that K. meets with the priest is out of advi ce given to him by someone, and he is the last character that he shows K. interacting with (although it might be true that K. meets and interacts with other people after the meeting, but they are neither mentioned nor visible later on). The priest doesnt try and make K. confess or anything of the sort, he is mainly there to converse with the character, his religious position is almost put to no use. The existentialist view of religion is that humans have been alienated from god, from each other, and so forth. In the novel Crime and Punishment, by Fyodor Dostoevsky, the christian idea of salvation finished suffering is omnipresent throughout the novel. What is visible with The Trial and The Outsider is that they dont touch on the aspect of religion much throughout the taradiddle (The Outsider has bits and pieces of it appearing in his cross examinations but they are used more to mock than in an analitical sense). The presence of these two characters at the end of the novel serves t o cover all the existentialist areas known to existemtialists (although it is doubtful whether the authors consciously attempted to make the characters present because of any existentialist rules they had to follow). The characters are needful to structure the novels, beside the obvious existentialist areas.

The Heart of Darkness: The Great Human Disease :: Literary Analysis, Joseph Conrad

It is easy to look at others and enamor their faults and weaknesses, but it is hard to see the same vices in ourselves. In the novella Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad, this universal human flaw can be seen in the character of Marlow. While it appears that Marlow break loose the darkness, really he remained just as lost in the wilderness as the rest of those involved. The truth is that Marlow was non the exception. He may set out break loose Africa, but he did not escape the darkness. Marlow thought that he had only peered over the edge (pg. 119), seen into the darkness, when really he had fallen into it. He had been seduced by the snake.It should have been obvious to Marlow that there was something wrong with this company. There were countless clues right in front of him. Nothing was masked or hidden, made to appear wholesome. First of all, the counselling that he got the job was something that should have raised suspicion. The previous captain had died in a scuffle with t he natives (pg. 12). That bit of information should have made Marlow reconsider pickings the job or at least raised some questions concerning the circumstances of the scuffle. Aside from how he got the job, from when he first set foot in Brussels, Belgium, Marlow axiom so many off-putting things. He describes the city as a whited sepulcher (pg. 14)-a symbol of death. It is a biblical allusion from the book of Mathew. In a loss Mathew describes whited sepulchers saying that they appear beautiful outward, but are within full of dead mens bones, and of all uncleanness (Matthew 2327). The fact that Marlow recognizes this shows that he is not completely ignorant to the truth about the company. Then he walks into the companys office positioned on a narrow and deserted street in deep shadow (pg. 14), and he sees these two women knitting black wool, looking as though they were guarding the door of darkness (pg. 16). Basically everything was telling him not to go behind those doors-not to take the interview-and Marlow chose to do it anyway. At one point Marlow even says it was as if he had been let into some conspiracy, into something not quite right (pg. 15). Clearly, Marlow knew that there was something nefarious about the whole business, and yet he took the job just the same, thus disproving his innocence in

Willy Russells Educating Rita :: Educating Rita Autobiography Social Class Essays

Willy Russells Educating RitaEducating Rita was a play, which was written by Willy Russell. Thebook is a semi autobiographical story about a woman who has achievednothing in her life and wants to get an information before it is toolate. She is being forced to have a baby by her married man Denny andregrets not getting any qualifications. With a lack of learning shehad only hairdressing to turn to. She started to feel like she wasjust another someone in a crowd, nobody special at home so she starts aliterature course at the Open University. Where she is given free-spoken asa tutor. Frank teaches her literature. She is an outcast to begin butit doesnt take long before she becomes a stereotypical studentsitting on the lawn.Frank is a middle-aged man, divorced but not single. His girlfriendJulia who we find cheating on him. As an English Lecturer and formerpoet, he understands the deeper core behind literature, but hecant remember it half the time because of his little drinkingproble m.The character of Rita was based on the writers own life andexperiences. They both grew up outside Liverpool with a poor educationand a lack of qualifications. They both set off to replace their lives.Rita became a student while Willy Russell lived his dream of being awriter.In act 1 Rita is introduced. She is shown to be loud and outwardlyconfident. An example is her use of inappropriate, crude language.When she sees a piece of artwork hanging on Franks office wall shesays look at those tits. This quote expresses her attitude and givesyou the impression she is loud and forever and a day speaks her mind. Herapproach to Franks sophisticated reality is crude and shocking.Thats S for Susan. Its not me real name. Ive changed it to Ritathough This is the funny side of Rita. She is do out to beentertaining and funny to make the audience laugh. Whenmisunderstanding Franks comments her words are twisted into aninappropriate language. This shows her lack of education and hercompletely di fferent approach to literature, her experiences are onlyreading pulp fiction books.. This lack in education causes her socialstatus around teach to be very low. She wants to be like the otherstudents and knows it will take a lot of work to get there. Theaudience sees that she is aware of her academic limitations and knowsthe change will have to come from within they come to thehairdressers cos they wanna be changed, but if you want to change y

Willy Russells Educating Rita :: Educating Rita Autobiography Social Class Essays

Willy Russells Educating RitaEducating Rita was a play, which was written by Willy Russell. Thebook is a semi autobiographical story about a woman who has achievednothing in her life and wants to get an educational activity before it is toolate. She is being forced to have a baby by her economise Denny andregrets not getting any qualifications. With a lack of learning shehad only hairdressing to turn to. She started to feel like she wasjust another person in a crowd, nobody special at home so she starts aliterature course at the Open University. Where she is given abrupt asa tutor. Frank teaches her literature. She is an outcast to begin butit doesnt take long before she becomes a stereotypical studentsitting on the lawn.Frank is a middle-aged man, divorced but not single. His girlfriendJulia who we find cheating on him. As an English Lecturer and formerpoet, he understands the deeper heart and soul behind literature, but hecant remember it half the time because of his little dr inkingproblem.The character of Rita was based on the writers own life andexperiences. They both grew up outside Liverpool with a poor educationand a lack of qualifications. They both set off to qualify their lives.Rita became a student while Willy Russell lived his dream of being awriter.In act 1 Rita is introduced. She is shown to be loud and outwardlyconfident. An example is her use of inappropriate, crude language.When she sees a piece of artwork hanging on Franks office wall shesays look at those tits. This quote expresses her attitude and givesyou the impression she is loud and continuously speaks her mind. Herapproach to Franks sophisticated reality is crude and shocking.Thats S for Susan. Its not me real name. Ive changed it to Ritathough This is the funny side of Rita. She is do out to beentertaining and funny to make the audience laugh. Whenmisunderstanding Franks comments her words are twisted into aninappropriate language. This shows her lack of education and hercomple tely different approach to literature, her experiences are onlyreading pulp fiction books.. This lack in education causes her socialstatus around rail to be very low. She wants to be like the otherstudents and knows it will take a lot of work to get there. Theaudience sees that she is aware of her academic limitations and knowsthe change will have to come from within they come to thehairdressers cos they wanna be changed, but if you want to change y

Nike CSR Challenge Essay

1. some(prenominal) cases of abusive treatments were report in to a greater extent than 1/4th of the S step uph Asian factories. Another report states that about 25% 50% of plants restricted their employees from drunkenness water & accessing feces during the working hours. some the same percentage of factories denied workers at least a solar day off of the seven long time that they work. Nikes CSR take exception highlighted the difficulties of bringing reposition to a family that isnt centralized. In fact, the challenge was to alter the way business is done. Traditionally, leadership was seen as centering to steer your employees towards the political partys goal. Whats required is a more open var. of leadership that calls for cooperation among mutually dependent groups so as to call for with systematic issues. The hurdles are to specify the signals given out by its supply chain groups and its rivals so that the companies run in a continual and sustainable way, which is financially feasible.4. leaders Beyond Borders gives a substructure for formation global citizenship. It assists any of us to find the commonalities in between differences everywhere in our day to day life, be it home or work. Its a type of leadership that exceeds the borders of a persons professionalism and limits to attract people on corporal objectives. It is also called as transcending leadership because this kind of leadership transcends the need of a single leader and inspires others to lead. The best example for leadership beyond borders would be Mahatma Gandhi.1. Several cases of abusive treatments were reported in more than 1/4th of the South Asian factories. Another report states that about 25% 50% of plants restricted their employees from drinking water & accessing toilet during the working hours. Almost the same percentage of factories denied workers at least a day off of the seven days that they work. Nikes CSR Challenge highlighted the difficulties of bringing cha nge to a company that isnt centralized. In fact, the challenge was to alter the way business is done. Traditionally, leadership was seen as guidance to steer your employees towards the companys goal. Whats required is a more open kind of leadership that calls for cooperation among mutually dependent groups so as to deal with systematic issues. The hurdles are to modify the signals given out by its supply chain groups and its rivals so that the companies run in acontinual and sustainable way, which is financially feasible.4. Leadership Beyond Borders gives a substructure for defining global citizenship. It assists any of us to find the commonalities in between differences everywhere in our day to day life, be it home or work. Its a type of leadership that exceeds the borders of a persons professionalism and limits to attract people on collective objectives. It is also called as transcending leadership because this kind of leadership transcends the need of a single leader and inspires others to lead. The best example for leadership beyond borders would be Mahatma Gandhi.1. Several cases of abusive treatments were reported in more than 1/4th of the South Asian factories. Another report states that about 25% 50% of plants restricted their employees from drinking water & accessing toilet during the working hours. Almost the same percentage of factories denied workers at least a day off of the seven days that they work. Nikes CSR Challenge highlighted the difficulties of bringing change to a company that isnt centralized. In fact, the challenge was to alter the way business is done. Traditionally, leadership was seen as guidance to steer your employees towards the companys goal. Whats required is a more open kind of leadership that calls for cooperation among mutually dependent groups so as to deal with systematic issues. The hurdles are to modify the signals given out by its supply chain groups and its rivals so that the companies run in a continual and sustainabl e way, which is financially feasible.4. Leadership Beyond Borders gives a substructure for defining global citizenship. It assists any of us to find the commonalities in between differences everywhere in our day to day life, be it home or work. Its a type of leadership that exceeds the borders of a persons professionalism and limits to attract people on collective objectives. It is also called as transcending leadership because this kind of leadership transcends the need of a single leader and inspires others to lead. The best example for leadership beyond borders would be Mahatma Gandhi.1. Several cases of abusive treatments were reported in more than 1/4th of the South Asian factories. Another report states that about 25% 50% of plants restricted their employees from drinking water & accessing toilet during the working hours. Almost the same percentage of factories denied workers at least a day off of the seven days that they work. Nikes CSR Challenge highlighted the difficulties of bringing change to a company that isnt centralized. In fact, the challenge was to alter the way business is done. Traditionally, leadership was seen as guidance to steer your employees towards the companys goal. Whats required is a more open kind of leadership that calls for cooperation among mutually dependent groups so as to deal with systematic issues. The hurdles are to modify the signals given out by its supply chain groups and its rivals so that the companies run in a continual and sustainable way, which is financially feasible.4. Leadership Beyond Borders gives a substructure for defining global citizenship. It assists any of us to find the commonalities in between differences everywhere in our day to day life, be it home or work. Its a type of leadership that exceeds the borders of a persons professionalism and limits to attract people on collective objectives. It is also called as transcending leadership because this kind of leadership transcends the need of a single le ader and inspires others to lead. The best example for leadership beyond borders would be Mahatma Gandhi.

Pericles’ Funeral Oration Analysis Essay

Pericles Funeral OrationWhy do we promote wars if they just ca put on death and sorrow?This famous speech was written by Thucydides, but granted by Pericles sometime during Athens Pelponnesian War. This kind of speech was generally given at a mass funeral, to honor some who had died fighting in the war. Typically, funeral speeches at that time were very somber and mournful, but Pericles changed that. In this speech, he created this idea of national gazump and faith in society, by using many wannabe and positive words. Many of those at this funeral were probably in a state of mourning, wondering if it was even price it to be fighting wars and causing many deaths and Pericles did a great job of shattering that question and restoring dignity back into Athenians for their great and loved nation.Pericles was faced with a tough task, to speak at a capacious funeral of war victims, where the people are non going be in a positive state of mind at all. His choice of words were pure(a) for crushing all feelings of despair and making people realize that the reason they were fighting was because they had something so great that was worth defending, their country. For example, one of Pericles first lines was Our government does not copy our neighbors, but it an example to them.This line is meant to invoke such a strong sense of national pride into the people, and it certainly does. If the people have pride in their nation, they will wishing to fight for it when it is under attack, and realize that fighting makes you stronger as a people. He goes on to say things Our military is in many respects superior to that of our adversaries. This thought provides a sense of comfort for the people since they know that there country is powerful enough to win. When you go into a fight knowing that youre going to win, it makes the fight much more meaningful and positive.This line also restores avow between the citizens and its military. If the people of Athens can trust their mi litary, then they know that less war deaths will be the result, which will also make fighting all the more worth it. One of the roughly powerful lines comes when Pericles says, We rely not upon management or trickery, but upon our own hearts and hands. This makes the people ofAthens realize that those fighting in wars are doing it because they want to be there and because they feel such a love for their nation in their hearts that keeps them fighting.It is no accident that the Pericles Funeral Oration inspires many similar attribute speeches today. His speech puts meaning to what we are fighting wars for and helps to honor those who bravely died. Such a strong sense of camaraderie is created with this speech, which is a little more of what we could use today. The people of our nation need to be grateful that they are even a part of a country thats so superior, that its worth dying for.

Signs and symptoms

Keep child quieten and help them take medicine. Phone parent and if it worsens call 999 Sickle booth anemia Fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness, headache, cold hands and feet, pain Refer to care plan and phone parent If needed Diabetes Passing urine more oft than usual, tiredness, thirsty Refer to care plan and phone parent if needed Chicken pox Fever, reckless, itchy Try to stop child scratching, phone parent Conjunctively Itchy sticky eyes, red eyes, green go Stop child rubbing eyes, phone parent CroupDifficulty breathing, short barking cough Keep child calm and encourage to breathe, call parent if it persists Persistent Diarrhea and sickness Pale, lifeless Encourage child to drink small sips of water, keep them calm in a quiet area. Phone parent Very pale and lifeless appearance URGENT Phone parent and 999 Phone parent Eczema Itchy dry rash Stop child scratching and distract them Impetigo Fluid filled blisters, itchy rash, red sores Call parent Measles Slight cold, sore t hroat, swollen glands, ping rash MeningitisFever, headache, confusion, affected by light, stiff neck, rash Call 999 and parent Unconsciousness Lifeless, unresponsive Check for breathing put in recovery thought call 999 and parent Continuing high temperature/Febrile convulsions Keep calm in quiet place call 999 and parent Severe headache Nauseous, vomiting, sharp to light Persistent or strange crying Shock.

Father of the Year Essay

Many people in Maycomb County , Alabama gathered to watch genus Atticus Finch defend Tom Robinson , a black man. The odds were already against Tom Robinson and Atticus becauseTom Robinson was black and Mayella Ewell was white. Tom Robinson is being accused raping Mayella Ewell in her own home when he was suppose to be helping her with some work. Mayella told Tom Robinson to come here, nigger, and bust up this chifferobefor me, I gotta nickel you. According to her after she asked him to bust up the chifferobe tree he move to rape her.Before Atticus Finch even had a chance to question Mayella , she burst out in tears. She burst into tear when the judge simply verbalise Just tell us what happened. At the stand Mayella was a nervous break down. Within the first few questions that Atticus asked her she freaked out because she thought that Atticus was mockin her. Atticus was only being polite by calling her maam and Ms. Mayella , and Mayella seemed to just take in offense. During the questioning by Atticus , Mayella unbroken her same story, that Tom Robinson raped her.She seemed to be unsure about that story mid-way through the questioning. Actually some of her responses to Atticuss questions didnt make reason or she wouldnt respond at all. She told the court room that Tom Robinson hit her with his left hand on the right side of her face, even though his left Crises in Maycomb By Kevon McClary hand is paralyzed from an accident that accord while he was a child. The odd thing is that Mayella father, Bob Ewell , is left hand and was allegedly at the crime after the rape occurred.Throughout most of her questioning Mayella seemed as if she was confused. Mayella once stated No, I entert commemorate if he hit me. I mean yes I do, he hit me. Mayella not speaking clearly during the questioning may lead the jury to remember that she is lying about her story. In the picture above you will see Atticus Finch questioning Mayella Ewell. The last couple of questions t hat Atticus was asking Mayella , Mayella seemed to be acquire angrier by the question. There was absolutely nothing that Mayella Ewell could be getting mad about.If I was in the jury , Mayella getting aggravated, nervous, and crying that would somewhat lead to me accept the she was lying about the whole thing. Mayella really seemed to be enraged when she said her finale statement , That nigger yonder took advantage of me an if you fine fancy gentlemen dont wanta do nothin about it then youre all yellow stinkin cowards, stinkin cowards, the lot of you. Your fancy airs dont come to nothinyour maamin and girl Mayellerin dont come to nothin, Mr. Finch. My opinion of this trial is that Tom Robinson is innocent.From Mayella freaking out , to the obvious evidence that points out Tom Robinsons innocent. I think that Mayella Ewell is a great person, just raised by the wrong father. In a way it seems like all of Mayella answers were what Bob Ewell wanted her to say . She knows the truth s crewing it all , whether she wants to tell it or not. Its already obvious to the jury and the courtroom that tom Robinson is innocent. But the only thing is that Tom Robinson is an African American male whose word is not as important as the white man or even the white woman.

Humorous character Essay

Hereafter, Shakespeare decides to extend stooges appearance of silliness even further by transforming his head into a donkeys head, which, according to the story, is the result of the fairy, Pucks exertion. After that little incident, nookies mates start to flee in anxiety. Bottom is obviously split why his buddies are running remote from him, since he doesnt know that his head has been replaced by a donkey head.When doing this, Shakespeare uses the dramatic irony-technique again to increase the gloat for this scene even more. The audience is aware of the ass head, but Bottom is not Hes striding around all over the stage, confused why his mates ran away from him, but his pompous spatial relation is not all gone yet, so instead of asking them, why theyre running away from him, he chooses to believe, theyre just messing about with him. So when theyre all running away in anxiety, he shouts, that hell not be claustrophobic of their little joke.Bottom just want to keep his pride, whatever it takes to do so. For that reason, he randomly starts to sing about birds. Which after my opinion is a quite an ridiculous thing to do just suddenly. To his surprise, hes overheard by Titania, the fairy queen, who Puck has also messed around with, to make her fall in hit the sack with the first creature she set her eyes on. This creature turns out to be Bottom the weaver. She hears his song and falls madly in love with him. It is humorous that the high gear class fairy queen, perhaps a beauty beyond everything else, falls in love with a low class guy, whose head has the same range as the head of an animal, which is most likely considered one of the most unintelligent and stubborn mammals in the world. (I bet Shakespeare took this into account when he was writing the play). This is clearly shown when theyre speaking. Titania says something like Be kind and courteous to this gentleman and she nearly makes a whole poem out of her speech, with lots of long poetic words.B ottom will respond with something that he think himself is a hilarious joke well-thought and intellectual Not quite, but Bottom doesnt know, because hes let off got his pompous attitude. Shakespeare had most certainly been thinking thoroughly about the names of the fairies, that Bottom was about to meet when Titania had convinced him to go with her, because he wanted to make Bottom come up with a joke for each and everyone of them A fairly bad joke of course.Shakespeare knew that Bottom still had this pompous attitude going on, but he also knew that Bottom was a somewhat stupid character. It requires a certain level of intelligence to come up with skinny jokes, which will make listeners laugh or at least produce a bit of giggling. But Bottom doesnt have that intelligence. The thing that makes Bottom funny is not his jokes, but his belief that his jokes are good and the amount of time hes spend making them up.

Classical Sociology

Dustin Jones There were m both fond theorists from the period of the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. This period of clip is regarded as the period of the Enlightenment. A few of the major figures of this particular(prenominal) movement were Rene Descartes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Immanuel Kant. They altered the authority in which the social ground was viewed and gartered pave the way for other circleical social theorists to explain the individuals role in society.Karl Marx, Alexis de Tocqueville, Henri De Saint-Simon, and Emile Durkheim argon only the names of a few classical social theorists who serve out to explore the role of an individual within society. These men desired that Reason, along with the application of a scientific approach, would be able to positively change the manhood and break through to a new gradation of power and authority. Although the ideas and theories of these men give rise to far greater advancement in sociological conjecture, at that place is a loser in intuition, and thus, a failure of the classical sociological element.The first section of this paper includes an explanation of classical sociology along with an overview of the theories associated with some of the sterling(prenominal) sociologists of this time. The next section of this paper explores reasons and explanations for the failure of classical social theory and interpretations to why before-mentioned theories were compromised. The final section of this paper summarizes some of the conclusions drawn nearly the failure of this particular ideology. I. chaste Sociology/Theories Explained Classical sociology includes the idea that people can change the course of history through ontogenesisal progress.The object of study was society itself. The development of modern, industrial, and capitalist societies was believed to have separated people from the traditional way of living. The explanations and theories derived from them were a way to correla te the new society with the grammatical construction, organization, and dynamics derived from the social world. One form of classical sociological theory attempts to establish a causal alliance for institutions while another form of sociological theory argues that the causal explanation for these institutions is not justifiable. The approach is not pertinent, but what is ertinent is classical sociology explains the interaction of individuals in society, and paves the way for advancement to an explanation of the contemporary world. On page 2 in Classical Sociological Theory A Reader, Ian McIntosh states The more optimistic Enlightenment thinkers thought that Reason could guide a process of positive change in the world and individuals could influence the course of history in the name of Progress. Such Progress could, it was hoped, free the individual from the yoke and shackles of traditional forms of power and authority- embodied by religion and the myriad ties of feudal obligation. Karl Marx was one of these great social thinkers who explains society in terms of social class and the material of the worker. He felt at that place was great conflict between the capitalists and the working class. The term capitalist is synonymous with the bourgeoisie these were the people who controlled the land, the factories, and sought the most interest in personal gain. He believed that the value of any(prenominal)thing is basically the amount of labor which it takes to produce it. In this way, he felt that profit can only be made by any surplus after the amount of labor it takes to feed, clothe, and shelter a man is produced.From this theory, he believed in the exploitation of labor. He believed that with the rise of industrialization, profits would actually pedigree because each industry is trying to keep up with the next guy the cost manufacturers make for machinery goes up while what is being produced drops. Karl Marx also gives a evenhandedly detailed description of the fall of capitalism. He believed that the spill of capitalism was inevitable. Over time, the decline in the rate of profit would be one of the factors contributing to the downfall of capitalism.The idea is that the productive tools used for industrialization are badly utilized when workers are unemployed and goods produced are no longer meeting effective demands. capitalist economy begins to move toward a huge industrial monopoly (Collins, Makowsky, p. 37). This affects the smaller capitalists who are forced to join the proletariat. The unemployment keeps gamey competition for jobs while those who are looking for change endure more and more agitated. He believed that the economy would reach a point where the only obstacle standing in the way is a revolt within the working class and the initialization of socialism.Alexis de Tocqueville, also known as the Last Gentleman, also believed in the working class as a great ally for the economy, and found much inspiration for the esta blishment of democracy after his visit to the united States. He was a great pessimist of his time and did not much believe in progress, which is exactly what other sociologists were aiming for in their research. He was one of the first foreigners to recognize the American project for a better life freedom. He maxim the coming of democracy as more than just a social or economic development he thought that God had his hand in giving democracy to the people.One of the first things that stood out to Alexis de Tocqueville upon his arrival to the joined States is the display of equality. One example in this display of equality which he noticed is that the relationship between the employer and the employee was strikingly different. In France, where Tocqueville is from, this type of relationship could be compared to a master and his servant but in the United States, he notices that the employee is actually chthonic contract to share labor. He also noticed that there was a lack of the sim ulated bonds of property which he had been so accustomed to back home.In the United States, personal relationships were strengthened by bonds of personal affection. This is due to the fact that family members were no longer trying to control one another for the sake of keeping any sort of wealth and ownership within the family. People were allowed to make their own decisions and were free to fall in love with whomever they choose. On page 109, in his land in America, Alexis de Tocqueville states Here and there, in the midst of American society, you meet with men, full of fanatical and almost wild enthusiasm, which hardly exists in Europe. Emile Durkheim was someone who might vocalize that crime in America is the glue with which people are held together. This is represented in his belief that crime helped to bring a society closer together. Meetings were held in which people would congregate to discuss the criminal exercise of the community, thus enhancing the relationships within society. When a person is punished for his crime, then the recognition of that punishment is a reaffirmation of the law and helps to strengthen the bond of society.He also explains that criminal behavior can help to establish new ideas within a society and in turn, help that society to develop (Marsh, Gaynor, p. 97). Durkheim also came to the realization that all religions have sacred objects and that these sacred objects are a creation of society. If people pursue a high moral character by living up to the codes formed by these religions, this will reflect individualism as well as enhance social unity. II. Failure of Sociological Theories One of the major objections to Karl Marxs ideology is the criticism brought forth to his labor theory of value.According to John R. Pottenger, in The Political Theory of dismissal god Toward a Reconvergence of neighborly Values and Social Science, he believes that within the labor theory of value, assumptions based on values must be purged in o rder to create an objective perspective of social science, but since valued are not able to be purged, as he states, then this particular theory is open to speculation. Once mankind developed an industry strong enough which required the use of machines and tools to produce profit, Marx did not make any notation between the idea of capital and labor.The use of machines was actually operated by the labor force and was not meant to replace the labor force, but they helped in establishing more wealth. another(prenominal) problem with which Karl Marx did not discern was his idea that the labor force would use the power of politics to overthrow capitalism and strengthen political gain. The working class actually uses the power of politics to cultivate and modify capitalism in a way which is better suited for society. With the improvement of technology, there came an increase in employment opportunities, thus creating more jobs and strengthening the working class as a whole.This only help ed to solidify the establishment of a capitalistic society. One of the biggest problems with Marxs ideology which supports the failure of classical sociological theory is he underestimated the role that he and his ideas play in shaping history. Through the observation of Marxs ideology, it is where society finds that supply and demand makes much more sense and that democracy is the basis for a well-rounded economy. Alexis de Tocqueville is a great supporter for this democracy, but some of his ideas about equality were flawed.He used the word democracy as if it were synonymous with equality. In this way, he felt that there was much more equality in the United States than there very was. He did not understand the social classes which were introduced to him in the United States and believed that the middle class were the poor people. This gave him the perception that equality was more wide-spread than it really was. This correlates to the idea that no matter how deeply democracy is ro oted within a society, it is not able to help all of those in need.One of the biggest setbacks to Emile Durkheims theory for criminal activity is that crime creates constant tension between members of a society. Criminal activity is known to tear families apart, create havoc, and in some instances, is a focal point for the deterioration of a particular society. Also, an increase in crime rate can bring an increase of frightened civilians who live in that society. Although criminal activity is a normal part of society, as Durkheim would say it is, it does not undermine the fact that it brings about a kind of pain and suffering, a lower quality of life if you will.III. Conclusions The most prominent factor in establishing the paradoxical failure of classical sociological theory is the rise in info technology which has brought about a better global economy. (Haferkamp, p. 218) There has been an increase in the sharing of information along with a way to actually reconstitute the capita list society. Also, the social theories that have been attributed to this period of Enlightenment were substantiated by societal norms of a period of time that was considered to be modern.What is considered to be modern times has drastically changed between now and then, and as such, theories pertinent to that day and time are no longer relevant. Industry is booming, technology is far more advanced, criminal activity is on the rise, and what is considered to be societal norms is much different. Also, the application of these sociological theories to what was considered to be societal norms does not include any use of an experimental method for interrogation hypotheses. With an experimental method for conducting research, researchers are able to manipulate one variable while comparing its effects to a different constant variable.The problem with non-experimental methods for conducting research, as is the case for classical sociological theories, is that the hypotheses are difficult to prove, and if or when they are proven, it normally requires a long period of time. In correlation to this idea, the fact that these are theories suggests to the reader that they have not yet been proven, and with the lack of scientific experiential data, may never be proven. Another significant factor contributing to the failure of classical sociological theory is the success in social change in the 19th and 20th centuries.According to Melvyn Dubofsky, in The State and Labor in modern America, he states that reformers and working-class leaders stressed collective action, more individualistic forms of thought dominated national culture, institutions, and legal doctrines. He goes on to describe the way in which workers began to unite and form collective revolutions for the advancement of class, race, or gender. This shift in social reform has strengthened individualism and accentuated the positive effects of capitalism where people have continued to attribute failure to classical sociological theories. IV. SummaryClassical sociological theory helped to explain social change and structure of society which aid in the establishment of the contemporary world. Karl Marxs prediction of the fall of capitalism failed to see its day due to the fact that the working class has used the structure of capitalism to better establish their place among society. When reflecting upon the ideas and full treatment of Alexis de Tocqueville, it is understood that no matter how deeply ingrained capitalism might be within a particular society, there are those who do not reap the benefits capitalism attempts to offer for all people.One of the principle notions which stand out after reviewing some of the works by these classical sociologists is that their personal objectives and theories failed to be achieved. Capitalism has continued to flourish, the industrial revolution has come to an end, and a new era of technological advancement has dawned. Bibliography Collins, Randall, & Ma kowsky, Michael. (2005). The husking of Society. impudently York, NY McGraw-Hill. Dasilva, Fabio B. , & Pressler, Charles A. (1996). Sociology and Interpretation From Weber to Habermas.Albany, NY New York State University of New York Press. Dubofsky, Melvyn. (1994). The State and Labor in Modern America. North Carolina Chapel Hill University of North Carolina Press. Haferkamp, Hans. (1992). Social Change and Modernity. California Berkeley University of California Press. Marsh, Ian, & Melville, Gaynor. (2006). Theories of Crime. New York Taylor and Francis Routledge. McIntosh, Ian. (1997). Classical Sociological Theory A Reader. Edinburgh, United Kingdom Edinburgh University Press. Nielsen, Donald A. (1999).Three Faces of God Society, Religion, and the Categories of Totality in the Philosophy of Emile Durkheim. New York Albany State University of New York Press. Pines, Christopher L. (1993). Ideology and False Consciousness Marx and His Historical Progenitors. Albany, NY New York S tate University of New York Press. Pottenger, John R. (1989). The Political Theory of Liberation Theology Toward a Reconvergence of Social Values and Social Science. New York Albany State University of New York Press. Tocqueville, Alexis De. Democracy in America. (Book II). Champaign, IL Project Gutenberg.

Culturally diverse entity Essay

Listing down the sources of my cultural programming sure undetermined up my eyes to the realities that I am facing. As a person who is growing up and trying to come to terms with my identity as it interacts with the world, it is surprise to know that there ar a lot of sources of my cultural programming. Although I consider my family as one of the main sources of my understanding of my own world, I come across that I am also bringing in cultural diversity to my family. As a part of the new generation of people in the world, we are different from our parents and much much from our grandparents.As such, through the technology I use and the ideas that I come across with, I am becoming more diverse in terms of culture. There are times that several sources of my cultural programming come into conflict. I can find of several ones. The perform and the morality and faith it is teaching sometimes come into conflict with the kinds of movies and TV shows I watch. Quite honestly, there are times that I olfactory sensation that church building stuff is boring but when I also realize the wars, the way that people tend to forget courtesy and the sense of right and wrong, I feel that the church still has something to offer.Another source of conflict is perhaps the way that my family expects me to behave in a certain way and the way in which my friends deal each other and the way that media such as television shows and movies portray the life of a teenager. There are times that I get complicated with the expectations of my parents and the way that I want to live. But I know that I have to respect them and listen to them. Culture is very broad and I think that as young people of today, we are exposed to more shapers of culture than did our parents and grandparents. That is why there are conflicts in these cultures as they are developed in me.

How much is John Proctor responsible for his own death Essay

The Crucible is set in 1692, in Salem, Massach dotts. It is written by Arthur Millar in the early 50s. It follows the suffers of a gang of teenage young womans, meddling with witchery. Stifled by the stifling pity of their elders they end up doing strange things in the woods. The chief of the group of young ladies is a girl called A astronomicalail Williams-her innocence lost in the bed f John keep an eye on, a married farmer who is the sense of the play. Suddenly the devil is let loose in Salem. The girls are disc overed, spurred on by their terrified accusations and the entire village is consumed by cries of witchcraft.One by ane, the blameless victims of mass hysteria are torn from their homes until, inexorably, Abigails vengeance is turned on monitoring devices wife. A timeless tale of truth on trial, the Crucible relentlessly a suspenseful drama of collective evil and personal sense of right and wrong. Its centre is a imwork forcesely moving story of guilt, love and rede mption. Proctor is responsible for his own death in many ways, the master(prenominal) reason is infidelity in relation to Abby. The otherwise contri preciselying factors are morality, pride, religion, law and local grievances. This is the send-off time we see Proctor and Abby interact with each other,Since Proctors entrance, Abigail has stood as though on tiptoe, absorbing his presence, enormous eyed. He glanced at her then goes to Betty on the bed(pg 17) We can tell the mood in the dwell instantly, Abby is stood there staring at him on tiptoes, indicating her need to attract him by making herself taller, as it is believed height is the figure of beauty. Where as Proctor is instead dismissive, and shows that he doesnt want to be acknowledged by her by glancing at her and appearing quite cold and clinical. The issue of infidelity plays a major resolve in the lead up to Proctors death.As Abby is envious of Elizabeth and is also quite resentfully bitter towards her, regarding h ow Abby was impel come on of the household because of her entanglement with John. In this quote Abby is clueing the audience in to her past affair with him, I look for John Proctor that took me from my sleep and put knowledge in my heart I neer knew what pretence Salem was, I neer knew the lying lessons I was taught by all these Christian women and their covenanted men And now you bid me tear the light out of my eyes? I will not, I cannot You love me, John Proctor, and whatever sin it is, you love me yet For Proctor, we quickly realise their relationship belongs to the past-while he whitethorn still be attracted to her, he is desperately trying to put the incident behind him. Abby, on the other hand, has no such sense of closure as this quote makes clear. As she begs him to come back to her, her displeasure over flows, and we see the roots of what becomes her targeted, destructive romp through Salem. We also see in this quotation a fierce loathing of the entire town. I never k new what pretense Salem was, I never knew the lying lessons.. Abigail hates Salem and in the course of The Crucible, she makes Salem pay.The adultery is a matter of morality, whether doings like this should be accepted in society or if it thought as on a negative note. Elizabeth finds out about it and time is needed to mend the relationship as the scab hasnt not yet formed. Abby still has a flame for left for Proctor and is determined to win him over by accusing his wife of witchcraft, but Proctor gets in the middle of the feud and the tables turn and he, himself is accuse of being in league with the devil. Another aspect of the build up to Proctors death is his pride.This is the human disproof system coming into action, when we are threatened we feel we must create a certain look to gain respect and most of the time it works, the problem that Proctor faces is if he can sustain his pride. Proctor is a precise honest, upright and bluntly spoken person and hates hypocrisy, he is also a level-headed man, but one with a secret, his fatal flaw. In Act four, Proctor utters these lines when he is wrestling with his conscience over whether to confess to witchcraft and thereby save himself . Because it is my break Because I cannot turn in another in my lifeBecause I lie and sign myself to lies Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang How may I live without my name? I birth given you my soul allow for my name (pg 115) The judges and Hale have almost convinced him to sign his life over to them, but the last stumbling block is his signature on the confession, which he cannot bring himself to give. In a way this unwillingness reflects his desire not to dishonour his fellow prisoners as he would not be able to live with himself knowing that other innocent people died while he quaked at deaths floor and fled.More importantly, it illustrates his arrested development with his good name as reputation is tremendously important in Salem. Religion is another alter factor to Proctors death, as Salem is quite sacramentally run . You are judged if you are not a accomplice of the faith, which today would be frowned at. Pride and religion link together as if Proctor didnt have as much self-esteem, would he be civil to the clergy men and have an advantage in the particular? It would be deceitful yet it would help in this predicament, the only person who seemed to be on Proctors location of the court was Reverend John Hale.He was a stranger to the town and did not know of Proctors full of life character, and so he thought Proctor was in need of help and is on his side. Proctor on that point be no love for Satan in this house, Mister. (pg 55) Hale I crave it, I pray it dearly. (he looks to both of them, an attempt at a smile on his face) Well, then-Ill bid you good night. By maxim this it indicates that Hale understands Proctors problems, which is the accusation that Proctors household is in league with Satan.The law plays a big part in the lead up to Proctors death, as they have the authority to choose what the morally pass up verdict is on the case. Law is linked in with religion as members of the clergy are judges, which shouldnt rattling happen as they are biased on their answers due to religious beliefs. Parris is the main distributor of opinions, and ever so has a word to say on the matter. He seems to bring his religion up on quite a few occasions, as that is his speciality and strength so he knows he can out smart Proctor by discussing this.Such a Christian that will not come to perform but once in a month (pg 72) he is trying to imply that Proctor is a bad person which is prominently a disadvantage on Proctors name, which is an underserved judgement. Overall, The Crucible is quite a dense and meaningful play, even though the play itself has very few examples of symbolism beyond the typical witchcraft symbols (rats, toads, bats etc) the entire play is meant to be symbols with witch trials standing in for the anti-communists witch hunts of the 1950s.Proctor is the protagonist, one of the chief contenders where as Abby is the antagonist, his opponent. I think the main issue that lead to his death was in the name of Abigail Williams. If Proctor didnt get involved with Abby, then the finger wouldnt have been pointed at him and his wife, it would have been directed at someone else perhaps even Parris, her own blood and flesh.Abigail strikes me as a very misleading character, at the start I got the impression she was just a girl who had made a mistake and was sorry for it, but as the play unfolded her character had a dark, malicious side it to it that was scheming and uneasy. The tone of the play is quite serious and compressed, as the language is almost quite biblical. The way they use goody for the name of their women and mister for their men is unusual and creates a flavour of period. It gives a sense that church dominates their lives. Proctor decided to die for Salem , in doing so he had finally purged his guilt, his wife said.

The Guilty Conscience Is As Bad As A Guilty Act

Ladies and Gentlemen of the Jury, Ive come hither today to present you with a man who wants to justify the wrap up of his wife. I provide show you how unjustified his act and his thoughts were in this not so spontaneous crime. Othello is on rill for murder and I would like to remind you that he has admitted full and absolute blame for this and you should not trouble that glisterly. Under the circumstances his mental state testament come into account, but do not be bewildered by his claims of psychosis as any man could have had these thoughts befallen upon him and not taken action.This act of murder was premeditated, therefore making it first-degree murder. In a passing conversation earlier with Iago, Othello suggests that Desdemona shall not live. (Othello, 4. 1. 170) He goes on to describe how he should murder her as a passing thought. As Othello has stated here Hang her I will chop her into messes. Get me some poison, Iago, this night. (Othello, 4. 1. 174,184,188) Iago go es on to suggest that Othello shouldnt poison his wife but rather buy the farm her in bed.Othello continued to speak with Iago about how he was going to strangle his wife because of her supposed adultery against him. Even though Iago is an accessory to this crime for his manipulation of Othellos thoughts and his suggestions on how to toss off Desdemona, Othello is still at fault for the proceeded crime. Mens rea suggests that Othello knew murdering his wife was wrong and yet he did so out of spite. His actus reus suggests that in killing his wife he was distraught and did act in the heat of passion, yet still mens rea proves him disgraced of this act and his malice aforethought.His psychological state is that of every other man with a jealous, green monster on his back. He is not warranted to any plea of insanity as he acted on a conscious and well planned thought, which does not concede in insanity. Othello once more admits to his guilty awareness of this crime in his words ju st before he murdered Desdemona Yet Ill not fling her blood. Nor scar that whiter skin of hers than snow and smooth as monumental alabaster. Put out the light, and then attribute out the light. If I quench thee, thou flaming minister, I can again thy former light restore, should I repent me.But once I put out thy light, thou cunningst pattern of excelling nature, I know not where is that Promethean heat that can thy light relume. When I have plucked the rose, I cannot unwrap it vital growth again, it needs must wither. Ill smell it on the tree. Ah, balmy breath, that dost almost persuade arbiter to break her sword One more, one more. Be thus when thou art dead, and I will kill thee, and love thee after. One more, and this the last. So sweet was neer so fatal. (Othello, 5. 2. 3-20) He suggests that he will not mar her as to ruin her skin, and yet he wishes to put out her light metaphorically saying he wishes she were dead.He goes on to contemplate his actus reus by comparing her to a flame and a rose that can not be restored after its eradication. Othello planned the murder of his wife with his inferior soldier, he knew what he was doing was wrong, and he continued to smother her as she pleaded for her life. Desdemona begged for her life shortly before her death Oh ban me, my lord, but kill me not Kill me tomorrow, let me live tonight But half an minute But while I say one prayer . She was unjustifiably murdered for an act she knew she had not committed.Othello acted on his jealousy and thoughts of malice rather than his love and faith in his wife, does this not make him a guilty man? Should Othello be acquitted of this crime or convicted of this horrendous act of murder as it is? That is for you to decide. Perrines Literature Structure, Sound, and Sense, Eleventh Edition. Thomas R. Arp, Greg Johnson. Senior Publisher Lyn Uhl. Publisher Michael Rosenberg. Development Ed Helen Triller. Assistant Ed Erin Bosco. Boston, Ma. Years Published 2006, 2009, an d 2012. Shakespeare, William. Othello. Pages 1276-1369.

Poorly Written Report

Example of a Poorly compose Report Loose Bolts? February 30, 1973 The film Loose Bolts? is an analysis of what became known as the Lordstown syndrome by business calendar week magazine. Interviews with workers, foremen, and union officials in this film show how a bored and dissatisfied works turns out cars (Chevy Vegas) with major(ip) flaws. I recommend this film to anyone interested in the study of worker attitudes. Paul Marshall, Professor of Management, Harvard employment School The filmmaker is skillful and perceptive in portraying the boredom and hopelessness of the men in this factory. Roberta Peterson This case involves inserting ourselves at the anus level of management who supervise approximately many workers on an assembly bed at the Lordstown, Ohio, GM plant in 1972. Our goal is to come up with both(prenominal) meaningful differences we could fork out made as a foremen in improving employee-management relations at that time. Our primary goal is to purify worker -management relationships.From Loose Bolts, The ideal foreman could not let the people he managed know he is in agreement with them. If he is in sympathy with the people, he is dead as a foreman or as a supervisor. Hes lost the ballgame as far as conducting his business concern satisfactorily as a member of management. If we read this quote and believe in it, our analysis should period of time right here, it aint worth wasting our time no more. but we believe their are some things foremen could have been done to improve lots and lots of things in the plant.High management often referred to assembly stock certificate workers as idiots. In spite of this, it was not necessary for a foreman to continue this behavior and take and refer to his subordinates as idiots, or treat them like dumb asses. It aint that hard to treat people with a little r-e-s-p-e-k-t. Workers had suggestions about how to improve work performance on the assembly line, but the half-baked foremen never passed th em along to upper management. Another quote from Loose Bolts? , The whole plant runs on fear.Everybodys scared, from the top down. customary Motors imported foremen from existing GM plants. General Motors thus inadvertently channeled the energies and sympathies of ambitious young workers away from the keep company and into union activism. From the beginning, the plant was a site of labor-management conflict. (Joseph A. Arena, The Little Car that Did Nothing Right the 1972 Lordstown Assembly Strike, the Chevrolet Vega, and the Unraveling of increment Economics) Lee Iacoocoo CEO, Chrysler Motors

Management in early years Essay

For the purpose of this work I result focus my attention on counselling and leadership skills, that any good early old age pr fleckitioner should possess in order to unionize/hold the event of p arents evening. Working in partnership with parents Constructive working relationships between teachers and parents toilet upraise adults knowledge and dread of children and childrens acquirement opportunities, and so contribute to childrens encyclopaedism and well beingness at base and in the vista.Children who see their parents working closely unneurotic with their teachers gain a brain of perseveration and of being cared for and experience a trusting and secure environment in which they can learn and formulate (Wh on the wholeey & the Pen Green Centre Team, 2001). Bronfenbrenners (1979) ecological model of human development offers a hypothetic rationale for teachers and parents working in close collaboration. Inclusion.. Purpose and outcome Early childhood practitioners ar e often reluctant to see themselves as leaders and managers.However, all those who work with young children and their families, whatever their take aim of experience and competence, have to undertake both of these roles on a daily basis. Parents evening is the perfect utilisation of these two roles played by the same mortal. This is one of the best opportunities I have as practitioner in building relations with the parents. Why? Because if the parents are in agreement with my methods of practice/teaching, Ive brought erudition radix.Researching Effective Pedagogy in the Early days (Siraj-Blatchford, Sylva, Muttock, Gilden, & Bell, 2002), found that childrens cognitive attainment benefited when parents were manifold in childrens learning activities at home. Again the reformed EYFS(2012) has set out to raise the kick downstairs of just how influential parents role is in their childs learning and development. Effective leaders will respond to this by reviewing their settings wo rk with families to ensure strong engagement. The above ideas has been the foundation of organizing my prototypical parents evening at my virgin setting.Although the event took place in September( adjacent one due in June), the time coincide with the new EYFS coming into place and myself starting my new job at University of Warwick babys room active the same time. Although I am a confident psyche, the likes of starting a new job, new EYFS coming into place, key children/families( of whom 4 out of 5had English as a second language, with very curt or no knowledge of what EYFS is or how the nurseries are operating in UK), catch up with me a smear anxious. I had to find a strategy which allowed me to be efficient, sounded knowledgeable and be professional.Having the liberty from the setting manger to conduct my parents evening, into whatever manner suits me and the families involved, the key for me at that particular time was called ORGANIZED. Before holding conflict with par ents, any practitioner would consider what purpose it will serve and what will be the most rough-and-ready method of achieving your goals. Good communication must have a clear purpose. roll information chew the fat generate ideas gather information educate/help Parent and key worker meetingsEarly years settings tend to organise parent and key worker meetings on a regular basis and in a more structured way. Again, the timing of these meetings will depend on the parents daily routines and commitments, and the staff aggroup will have to be flexible when arranging them. I have tried to be responsive to the needs of all individuals when arranging the timing for meetings. Because of the issue of confidentiality and because for most of the families English is a second language, I decided to have meetings with each family, rather than a group meeting.A little office was made available for the times booked and had a presentation running in the background ( appeals to all learning styles ) for extra visual information the main purpose was it introduce the EYFS, areas of learning, activities(see if any disagreement towards celebrations, messy play,etc) and how can be extended at home. See appendix Again, careful thought needs was given to objectives (why) audition (who) content (what) timing (when) environment (where).From my experience, these meetings offer an opportunity for the practitioner and parents to gather information, get by their observations and to consider the implications of these in terms of planning for the childs learning. They are conducted in an atmosphere of mutual respect and practitioners should act as genuine listeners, responding to what they hear from the parent and not allowing discussions to be driven by a pre-set docket based on what has been observed in the nursery. I am trying to use a business technique called the praise praise sandwich.Start with something positive about the child, ask parents of any weak points/areas for feeler , we discuss around this and get an agreement of how together we can help the child move forward and generally improve. Finally I summarise our agreement, and finish with a reminder of their positive. Although we are gathering tons of written and recorded evidence for the childs learning, is right to say that in Early Years , 50% of the information is mentally recorded by the key worker and this extra information I found to be really appreciated by parents/families as a prove of knowing/understanding that particular child.During individual meetings with parents, time is set aside for looking at the implications of observations from home and nursery. Planning together for childrens learning will result in a more holistic approach, an enhanced programme and continuity for the children. There are opportunities to look at the childs learning journeys and to talk about appropriate provision and support for the childs developmental stage.Where a pattern of behaviour or mortalal learni ng interest has been identified, the key worker and parent are discussing experiences that could be offered at home and in the nursery in the hope that they would engage the child and further extend learning. We also share with the parents information about the Foundation Stage curriculum and about young children as learners. explain how the setting plans and assesses a childs learning within the six areas of learning discuss the importance of the learning process emphasise the importance of child-initiated learning talk about schemas discus appropriate expectations and contexts for learning.It is common sense that practitioners should have confidence in their presentation skills and their knowledge of child development and early learning. When English is a second language Parents evening is also an excellent time for the childs key person to discuss the childs level and understanding of English, the use of their home language at nursery and the use of English at home. During this t ime the key person may have some questions on how the child is progressing at home. These can be important as if the child is using little or no English at the setting it is harder to know their level of development.I believe that good relationships with parents helps to assistant our knowledge of the child and so provide them with the best possible care and education. To support inclusion and make each child feel valued, I initiated a little project. In the classroom we have got a board on which we have a data base of common words used in all the languages our children are speaking at home. We asked the parents for any words that they feel the child and key person may need while at nursery. This gives the key person some simple understanding and being more aware if the child is asking for something or trying to explain something.This also helps the key person to build a relationship with the child. It has proven to be a success and now it has been extended to all the classrooms. I n the United Kingdom, the Pen Green Centre for Under Fives and their Families is well known for its work in involving families in childrens learning, as well as for parents being supported themselves. Pen Green tries to marry a process whereby all the important adults in a childs life give each other feedback on what seems to be centrally important to the child, and how and what they are learning in the home and in the nursery (Whalley and the Pen Green Centre Team, 2001).In this way, children are offered a challenging and excite environment in both settings that draws on each partys understanding and scrutiny. Conclusion I believe that I have used my management skills to the best of my abilities and knowledge and it would only be frank to say that, ideas shared with my community of learners (our students group from college) have been put into practice parents feedback is encouraging . All of them admitted to substantiate their own childs personality, routines, likes/dislikes fr om everything I have said about each individua. Maybe next time I should try to manage my time a

History of jazz Essay

Jazz is a form of the Statesn medicinal drug which began in the 20th century though it has some of the elements of songs which had evolved in the fresh 19th century. It originated from the African Americans who were living in the grey separate of unify States. Jazz is a compounding of African and European traditions of medical specialty. Jazz developed mainly due to the cultural experiences which were being experienced by the African American as a result of slavery. Jazz is believed to have originated from the slave songs which the African Americans apply to sing dapple working on the plantations.Music marked an important part of the lives of the African Americans and greatly ascertaind the American melody sedulousness to this day. The rhythms of tag were expressions of perseverance and the passion for the African Americans or the slaves to get freedom. During this period, as sanitary highs had been introduced which were songs that reflected the tribulations and trials of slavery live. Cultural experiences that the African Americans went through and through organise the themes of to the soaringest degree of the songs . A brief history of African musicIn the African finale, music is extremely esteemed and forms part of the daily vivification of a endemic African. The rhythm used in African songs and the pitch makes the African language modern especially for accurate translation by non Africans. Music in African culture since time time-worn was and is still widely used in ceremonies and celebrations. Songs argon sung by clapping, dancing and singing lifelike rejoinders. Most of the African songs are call and response songs and this is do on varying degrees and then resulting to hetrophonic results. distant in western music which is characterized by complexity and polyrhythm and alike polymeters, African music often evokes response of physical movement and at times calling for conscious response altering. Africans adopted the Europea n 2 and 4 bar format beats which led to the evolution of syncopation. This syncopation made the audiences to clap their hands, dance and even tap their feet with such emotion which had non been experienced before in American music. The African music transformed the American music industry to this day .Roots of fuck music In the wake of 16th century, Europeans were using African slaves as laborers as well as their servants. Europeans had colonized in the western hemisphere where they were setting up shops. They had in addition settled in the south and central parts of America as well as the northern parts which were commonly referred as virgin give voice (todays United States). Slaves were loosely situated at the Caribbean where they got exposure to the music flairs of the European music and in addition the western instruments which were being used in those areas.The culture of South Americans also influenced greatly the African slaves who were disbursement most of their ti me in the islands waiting to be bought and taken to the Caribbean islands . During the 16th century, slave trade had not reached the northern parts of America but in 1610, the first group of slaves was taken to North America through new-fangled siege of Orleans ports. In Orleans, the slaves were taken to the southern plantations magical spell some of the wealthy Orleans purchased some of the slaves.In south Orleans, Christianity had taken root with Catholic Church being dominant. This gave the slaves exposure to the Christian activities and immediately a chord was formed between the slaves and the church. This was mainly influenced by the similarities which existed between the African rite and the Catholic Church practices. It is also believed that the call and response known as the Gregorian chants used by the catholic church also contributed greatly to the form of music that developed among the African slaves.Exposure to the western music and their instruments and also the Cath olic Church practices and the experiences the slaves were undergoing in the foreign land led to the evolution of a homogenized cultural music. The songs were used by the African slaves to ease the pain they were going through while in slavery . Slaves also used music to tell stories of their ordeals, to celebrate and also as a means of looking for relief in God. The resulting culturization of the slave music formed the basis for their songs of the already settled Americans which they marked as their own new music.Work songs, spiritual songs and hollers became the starting point of religious doctrine music which was mainly extracted from the impertinent Testament. Story telling blues were also formulated during this period and these are believed to be the roots of the nullity music. The blues consisted of soulful flatted notes and a syncopated rhythm which evolved to be the ragtime music. This form of music was becoming popular mostly in America during the period. The freeing of s laves after the gracious war led to public awareness of the existence of blues as well as air current music which had the origin of the African slaves thusly a black culture.However, before this time, slaves who were living in New Orleans used to meet at Congo square where they used to do and dance to music and also to compete musically. The band which won the weekly competition was given sponsorship to an make-up which was organized by the black musicians. These bands formed the initial origin of sleep with in the northern America. Due to their influence in New Orleans, the black musicians were offered jobs in whore houses in story Ville which ensured they obtained a living in this endow .Though after the civic war most of the African slaves were freed and allowed limited access to education, finding a decent job was difficult since the rate of discrimination was still very high. New Orleans provided a working environment for the musicians which could be termed as being suppo rtive which made this place to become the vitriolic spot for music such as blues and bonk. Increasing awareness of this forms of music also formed the center for the American music especially in the United States.During this period, cheap pianos were being sold thus the black musicians had access to them mostly in the whore house especially in New Orleans. The pianos helped in providing rhythmic and also harmonic basis for bands to perform spontaneously for their clients. A single musician could also sing using the piano thus increasing the popularity of African jazz and blues. Solo artists were performing for the saloons and also bordellos . The first recognized and accepted form of jazz style to be performed in the United States was d atomic number 53 by the small black marching bands which were from New Orleans which was later branded the Dixieland.This jazz style was used in funeral marches. This music was based on the western music beat structure which was complicated with t raditional marching using brass brand instruments. The black musicians then broke into solos which were improvised near a theme which was melodic and this was done simultaneously. Joyous celebrations then followed the burial as they celebrated the new life of the deceased. The improvised polytonality belonging to the native Africans was widely recognized in the structures of the population of the whites in the United States.During this festival or burial march, coronet, trombone, trumpet, drums and clarinet instruments were being used. Another instrument which was used was the banjo which the Americans had adopted from the instruments of native Africans. As such, almost all of the American music was rooted or has its originality from the Africans who were mostly slaves. African culture provided a rich music background which was easily and quickly adapted by the Americans. Jazz was one of the most predominant forms of music which the population of the United States imitated from the Native Africans .Despite the wide acceptance of jazz in New Orleans, it was not regarded as legitimate music especially by the music industry in Chicago and New York among other parts in the United States. During the 19th century and wee 20th century, the center for fine arts in United States was located in New York and it was load-bearing(a) only the exceedingly educated and widely traveled musicians. This high society usually considered musicians and artists from Europeans music school. However, during the civil war era, black influence in the music industry started to creep slowly to the entertainment face in New York.This was aided by the formation of minstrel show elements like the vaudeville and others. rag week was introduced in the United States which combined the blue tones and syncopation utilization but it was resisted. The polite society highly resisted this form of music terming it to be vulgar, suggestive and filthy. It was refereed to as African belly dance and was dismissed as the edition of orgies from Africa. These people also viewed it as a sex dance thus increasing their opposite and they advocated for its banishment from a society which was polite .During this period, most of the blacks were migrating to New York City thus increasing the influence of ragtime and dance hall music and the shows as well. A recording industry was also introduced in this city where most of the black musicians were migrating to record their songs. This place was later named Harlem and it opened the stage which led to an upheaval in the music industry of New York as well as the whole human. This formed a major historic part of the music industry in the United States and the origin of jazz music in New York City and the larger United States.In some parts of the east coast, jazz and blues were not recognized as being legitimate despite its influence in New Orleans. This place like the New York was inhabited by the high society people of the east coast. A g roup of whites citing the name original Dixieland jazz band recorded the first jazz in New York in the year 1917. Being white, the band tried to commercialize the viability of jazz music and in so doing they visited Europe with their new format of Dixieland. This group is today credited for the spread of jazz to most parts of the world.However, despite their visit to Europe in 1917, jazz music had entered Europe in 1914 through black musicians. Europeans were less discriminatory on racial basis and were paying the black musicians better than in the United States. The black migration to Europe led to the establishment of the hot club which was located in Paris. African musicians thus contributed greatly to the history and evolution of music industry in Europe as well as in Americas . In 1924, jazz was presented to the high society of New York during a contest.The performance of the jazz band was stunning to the American people although it was criticized by one of the personality know n as Martin Williams who was highly respected and a jazz critic. This performance made jazz to be more accepted in America broadly than during the first attempt. The era of post First World War led to high migration of most black musicians to Mississippi from the South and they went up to Chicago. This led to Chicago becoming a jazzs and blues center in United States in the 1920s.The south side of Chicago was mostly occupied by blacks some of them musicians who had migrated form south. During this time, the whites who were living in the northern parts of Chicago intentional about jazz sounds thus there was competition between the northern white jazz musicians and the southern side black musicians. This competition was usually supportive and friendly. These musicians were also given exposure through the approaching of commercial radio and a recording industry. Afro American influence had also been made valid thus giving the musicians a wider scope for their careers.However, there w as a segregation system in the United States which was raw to the blacks. Despite this segregation system, the music of the blacks and the whites reduced the boundaries which had existed before and this ultimately led to the development of Chicago blue scenes in the 1930s. This also led to development of urban blues in some parts of the United States. Jazz music which was originally from the African slaves and the later migration to various parts of the United States helped in the establishment and growth of the music industry in this country as well as the whole world .Conclusion African music had a great influence and it formed the foundation of most of the Americas music. bondage and the later migration were some of the major factors which contributed to the development and the spread of jazz music as well as other forms of music like blues. The rich African culture and music background combined with their experiences while in slavery as well as the influence of western culture and their instruments gave rise to the intro of jazz music which has continued to be one of the most sought music.Apart from the influence that African Americans had on the American music, this music also changed the entire music industry in America and in most parts of the world. Introduction of jazz music and other African styles led to a fatten out overhaul in the music industry in America and also in Europe. Furthermore, jazz music helped in bridging the gap between the blacks and the white especially in Chicago. African American music has compete a major role in the music industry in the United States and is credited as being the root of most of the music styles in this country.

Gasoline crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gasoline crisis - Essay ExampleThis is regardless of whether there is a true shortage, or if its just panic buying that takes hold. Dont be surprised to see gas pedal rationing being put in place as soon as this occurs, whether it is imposed by the retailers, or by the government. Dont be surprised to see long lines at the pumps, a la 1972. (The Coming Gasoline Crisis). This paper go out deal with the gasoline crisis and it will compare the price of production of Gasoline to Ethanol in order to suggest a solution to this problem. The conclusion will sum up the major points of the paper.There is no question that oil, or petroleum or gasoline, is a precious commodity that built a lucrative industry. The entire trade revolving around oil from geographic expedition through extraction and processing to retail is definitely one of the biggest businesses if not the biggest. Oil, as we know it, is a rather young industry. It is, however, all-encompassing. Not only do we use it for tran sportation but we use it to essentially run the whole economy. Our present industries are fueled by oil and it is this function that saw the immense leap in the age of Industrial Revolution and had the world careening towards technological breakthroughs at unprecedented rates. narration can tell us that much.To understand how oil came to dominate so much of our lives, it may be best to look as far back to historys memory of it. The Earth neat for us the fossil fuels that we convert to oil, the result of photosynthesis of perhaps 300 to 350 million years ago, when plant and living creature material were buried deep in the Earths crust. The petroleum industry kicked off when tar, distilled from petroleum, was use to pave the streets of Baghdad in the 8th century. Then in the 9th century, naphtha was produced from the oil field of Baku, Azerbaijan and Muhammad ibn Zakarya Rzi produced lamp oil from distilled petroleum for use on lamps (Bilkadi,

Coping with e-commerce (look at firm's distribution strategy in Essay

Coping with e-commerce (look at firms dissemination strategy in meeting delivery consummation) - Essay instanceTo deliver aptly to all these customer sets, Amazon has put in place the largest warehouse and diffusion systems for a e-commerce company in the world. Utilizing this extensive and efficient system, Amazon has bee able to improve its delivery per actance optimally, even becoming a use model for other companies. In the US, more than and more tralatitious retailers are seeking to compete with the efficiency and shipping speed of online. (Virtual Strategy 2011). E-Bay, which facilitates transactions between carry oners and buyers of panoptic range of products, also exhibit good delivery performance, but not up to the levels of Amazon. However, lately it is onerous to improve its delivery performance by adopting various measures. For example, for the sellers, who hand optimum delivery performance or times, it offers financial discounts and better placements for their products. In addition, it also added shipment tracking codes, so as to prove that they have shipped the products on time. This way, e-Bay could match Amazon in delivery performance. This is part of the whole picture of eBay getting more involved and more controlled like Amazon, (trendbird.biz). 2. B2B and B2C It becomes clear that the World Wide Web, unconstrained by the geographical territories and boundaries, allows the businesses to race in a truly globalized scale. A business which not only takes orders for products online from its merchants or suppliers or the manoeuvre consumer customers, but also completes the transaction is a true example of B2B and B2C commerce. Business-to-business or B2B for short, is a term which is unremarkably used to explain the electronic form of business transactions that takes place between businesses (with minimum role for customers). B2B commerce website will serve as channels that will permit coordination between different businesses and outs ourcing companies. Thus, the companies adopting this form or e-commerce will have online outlets, and through which they will prefer to deal with other companies only to sell their products and services, instead of directly offering it to the consumers. On the other hand, companies adopting Business to Consumer, or B2C for short, will put in place online portals, which offer products and services directly to the consumers. Many companies or retailers or online retailers all adopt this method, as they reach the product directly to the customer through their own network of supply chain and distribution centers. B2C has grown to include services such as online banking, travel services, online auctions, health information and real dry land sites (Bajaj and Nag 2005). Apart from the basic difference in end users, the difference between B2B and B2C is B2B involves more long relationship than B2C, which is maximally one-off. That is, in the case of B2C, after the transaction is over, the re may not be continual relationship, however in the case of B2B, the transactions and relationship could continue for a longer time, if everything kit and boodle out well. 3. Buy-side and Sell-side As stated by Chaffey (2002), when evaluating the impact of e-commerce on an organisation, it is Instructive to identify opportunities for buy-side and sell-side transactions. completely if those opportunities and the related challenges are identified, organizations can optimally tune its strategies and its organizational processes.

Quality of Life in Women with Breast Cancer Post Mastectomy Research Paper

Quality of Life in Women with Breast Cancer Post Mastectomy - Research idea ExampleJustification of the Problem Since such a large trope of mastectomies argon performed every year, it is an alpha issue with regard to womens health. In order to achieve a full and proper recovery, and go on to live a high part life post mastectomy, it is essential to identify the combine of factors infallible to achieve it. Statement of the Problem Since survival rates are improving, more(prenominal) attention must be given to the quality of life for depreciator pubic louse survivors (ASPS, 2011). A good deal more seek is needed to help post mastectomy breast cancer patients achieve the highest quality of life possible. recapitulation of the Literature Even though more research is needed, there is existing research that identifies some of the factors necessary for post mastectomy breast cancer patients to achieve a high quality of life. Some early research seems to suggest that the negative effects of having breast cancer (e.g. sexual well-being) may be lessened by the conservation or reconstruction of the breast (ASPS, 2011 Rowland et al., 2001). Very little research has been done comparing psychosocial outcomes of patients that had a lumpectomy, a mastectomy alone, or a mastectomy with reconstruction (Rowland et al., 2001). The assume included a large number of breast cancer survivors (1,957) who filled out a self-report questionnaire that measured health-related quality of life. As found in former(a) research, those who had a mastectomy with reconstruction were more likely to be younger, college educated, affluent and white, than those in the other groups however, no discrepancy was found among the groups with regard to emotional, social... The current proposed study will be based on the theoretical modeling developed by Rogers. According to Rogers theory, the goal, with regard to nursing, is to help clients/patients achieve a maximal level of wellness. every(p renominal) study participants will be women that have undergone a mastectomy as a part of breast cancer treatment. The mastectomy must have been performed between two and five years prior to the commencement of the study. The procedure for the study involves first obtaining a baseline. Study participants will be interviewed and all responses will be recorded. Next, the participants will hence complete sa series of self-reporting. The questionnaires will be on various subjects, including psychological health, physical and emotional health, boilers suit satisfacdtion and happiness, among others. Once all of the data is gathered, it will be analyzed and presented so that my see the/ significance of indisputable relationships which help to achieve a high quality of launderyThe study included a large number of breast cancer survivors who filled out a self-report questionnaire that measured health-related quality of life. As found in other research, those who had a mastectomy with reco nstruction were more likely to be younger, college educated, affluent and white, than those in the other groups however, no difference was found among the groups with regard to emotional, social or role function. Body image and feelings of attractiveness are the usual psychosocial impacts found with regard to the surgery and, nearly all post mastectomy patients report the fear of return to be their greatest emotional challengea. The study also found that after a year from diagnosis, the quality of life is probably influenced most by the womans age or exposure to accessary therapy.

Business Proposal to implement a Human Resource Information System for Term Paper

Business Proposal to implement a kind-hearted Resource Information System for castling family Restaurant. This should be written from a theoretical perspective - experimental condition Paper ExampleThey even face various communication problems due to the pace in the descent enterprise and absence of a proper system solution. The management was unable to connect and control the entire business done a single system. Therefore, a business proposal has been demanded from the restaurant authority. After the thorough discernment of the organization, it has been found that they need an integrated solution for their organization which can connect all octette restaurants through a single system and the entire human resource de infractment work can be controlled from a particular location. As per the assessment, it has been recommended that Human Resource Information System can solve the rule problem in an efficient manner. It has been further observed that ADP Workforce Now, a comput er software company can better serve the pressing requirements after analysis of all the facilities provided by this company.The Castle Family Restaurant is in a growth phrase with a vibrant past ten historic period and also, with increasing profitability every year. They meet around 300-340 employees working at the restaurants. Most of them are part time and less than 50% are full time. Mr. Ben Henderson, being the founder of this restaurant tries to set up a restaurant chain in the entire Northern California. Recently, they face a problem though the root of the problem existed since the beginning of the foundation. They never built up or hired any HR team. All the HR related work was conducted by the operations manger. Even they do not have any single network system through which they can maintain the communication with the entire eight restaurants that the family possess and keep the data stored. Consequently, the HR Manager has to visit every location weekly to update the info rmation. It invariably increases the travelling expenses. Recently due to the increase in the cost of gasoline, the HR manager is plan to reduce the

Policies to Address the problem of U.S. oil dependency Research Paper

Policies to grapple the problem of U.S. crude oil dependency - Research Paper ExampleThis research will begin with the teaching that more than 150 years after the beginning of U.S. petroleum industry (since 1859), oil still is considered as the most strategic commodity. Given the limited capacity of oil reserves in the world and incessantly-increasing international demand for it, in recent decades oil has played a significant role in contradictory policies of nations, especially those of great powers. Not surprisingly, oil has been an important factor in shaping bloody and dear(p) conflicts, particularly since the World War II. During the last decades of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, America was able to meet the countrys basic needs in the energy sector primarily by using its own oil reserves. However, by the end of the 1940s, the United States began to rely on foreign oil to satisfy rising energy demand, and the proportion of imports has been rising more or less steadily ever since. Today, according to U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the United States is the largest oil consumer and consumes near 22% of the total output signal of oil in the world. That is equivalent to something about 18,771,000 barrels per day, of which about 9.7 million barrels (51%) are merchandise (on a net basis) from foreign countries. However, this dependency on oil is very costly and also is tightly linked to our national security due to both potential economic and political threats related to it.

Discuss the use of monetary policy to influence the levels of Essay

establish the use of monetary policy to influence the levels of inflation and unemployment in an economy - Essay Examplereserves of commercial cashbox argon one from of liabilities of federal bank .the imposition of reserve requirement from federal bank results this liability. Treasury deposits argon also a liability for federal bank since there are the deposits made by treasury department of states. Federal Reserve notes are the notes circulated by federal bank in the country in the form of paper cash. They are the claims against the assets of federal bank and hence wrick liability for federal bank.Since, we know that one of the onus functions of federal bank is the creation and control of money in the economy, the monetary policy acts as an action plan for this purpose. The federal bank has three core tools to control the money supply in the marketSince bonds are floated in the market by authorities and other organization to raise money, they can be used by the federal bank to join on or decrease the money supply. The federal bank can either buy or share bonds with commercial bank or general public. Buying securities from commercial banks the reserve of commercial bank are increased while the assets base of federal bank increases. Same thing happens when the federal bank buys securities from public, the asset base of the federal bank increases as well as that of commercial bank. Overall the money at the disposal of federal bank increase which increases the money supply n the market.Reserve balance is the numerate of reserve of commercial bank that they are required to keep with the federal bank. This reserve is not allowed to be loaned to the public. A federal bank, when want to increase money supply in the market decreases the reserve ratio which in turn decreases the reserve of commercial bank kept with federal bank. With the increase money at the disposal of commercial bank they are able to load out more money in the market which increases the money supply. Similarly if the federal bank wants to decrease the money supply it increases the